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care."},"diagnostic_duration_minutes":null,"diagnostic_preparation":null,"diagnostic_referral_needed":null,"diagnostic_result_time_hours":null,"exercise_resume_weeks":{"min":6,"max":12,"unit":"weeks","qualifier":"Light walking starts in hospital; strenuous exercise resumes about 6-12 weeks after surgery with clearance."},"final_result_months":{"min":3,"max":6,"unit":"months","qualifier":"Sternal healing and return to full activity; hemodynamic benefit is early, ventricular remodeling continues over months."},"fly_home_after_days":{"min":14,"max":28,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After uncomplicated discharge, counted from surgery, if no residual shunt, effusion or arrhythmia; requires surgeon or cardiologist clearance."},"follow_up_visits":[{"purpose":"wound_check","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":7,"max":21,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Wound check, examination, often ECG or echocardiogram."}},{"purpose":"assessment","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":30,"max":90,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Cardiology review with echocardiography for residual shunt, valve function and rhythm."}},{"purpose":"result_review","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":180,"max":365,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Longer-term cardiology review; later intervals set by the cardiologist."}}],"indications":["Moderate-large VSD with significant shunt (Qp:Qs 1.5-2+)","Heart failure caused by the defect","LV dysfunction or progressive LV enlargement","Shunt-related pulmonary hypertension with acceptable vascular resistance","Prior infective endocarditis attributable to the defect","Aortic valve prolapse with progressive regurgitation","Large perimembranous, inlet or outlet defect unlikely to close"],"main_risks":["Residual or recurrent VSD","Heart block, possibly needing pacemaker","Right bundle branch block and other arrhythmias","Tricuspid or aortic valve regurgitation from valve injury","Left ventricular dysfunction","Bleeding","Wound or sternal infection","Low cardiac output after bypass","Stroke or air embolism (rare)","Pleural or pericardial effusion","Perioperative death (uncommon)"],"pain":"Moderate to significant sternotomy pain for the first several days, managed with multimodal analgesia, easing over 1-3 weeks.","preparation":["Echocardiography, ECG, chest X-ray and blood tests","Catheterization for pulmonary resistance if needed; CT/MRI for complex anatomy","Anesthesia and surgical team assessment","Fasting before surgery as instructed","Medication review by cardiology and surgical team","Treatment of active infection and dental screening where relevant"],"recovery_timeline":[{"phase":"Intensive care","description":"Monitoring, ventilation weaning, removal of chest drains and pacing wires over the first days.","restrictions":["Bed rest and monitoring"]},{"phase":"Ward recovery","description":"Early mobilization, pain control, wound care and rhythm monitoring until discharge.","restrictions":["Avoid lifting and pushing with the arms"]},{"phase":"Weeks 1-6 after discharge","description":"Gradual increase in walking and daily activity as the sternum heals. Light desk work often resumes after about 4-6 weeks.","restrictions":["Sternal precautions","No heavy lifting","No driving for a few weeks"]},{"phase":"Weeks 6-12","description":"Return to full activity with cardiology clearance.","restrictions":["Avoid contact or strenuous sport until cleared"]},{"phase":"At any time","description":"Seek urgent assessment for fever, wound discharge or sternal instability, breathlessness, fainting, palpitations, chest pain or poor feeding in infants.","restrictions":[]}],"rehabilitation_days":{"min":28,"max":60,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Functional recovery after uncomplicated surgery; outpatient cardiac rehabilitation often added for adults."},"result_longevity":"Surgical closure is generally durable long term. Periodic cardiology surveillance is advised for arrhythmia, endocarditis and heart failure risk.","revision_rate_pct":{"min":1,"max":5,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Reoperation for residual defect or valve problem after primary surgical closure; varies by defect type and center."},"scars":"Midline sternotomy scar of about 15-20 cm that fades over months; may widen or become hypertrophic.","sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":1,"max":1,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"One operation under cardiopulmonary bypass."},"stages":[{"code":"surgical_closure","label":"Patch closure on cardiopulmonary bypass","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Single operation."}}],"qualifier":"Primary single-stage repair; pulmonary artery banding is a separate palliative approach."},"success":{"metric":"Freedom from significant residual shunt or reoperation","value":95,"unit":"percent","horizon":"Early to mid-term (hospital discharge to several years)","population":"Adults with isolated VSD after primary surgical patch closure","evidence_status":"limited"},"techniques":[{"name":"Surgical patch closure on cardiopulmonary bypass (transatrial approach for most perimembranous and inlet defects)","suits_whom":"Most adults with isolated VSD; defects unsuitable for devices.","recovery":"Sternotomy and bypass; longer recovery than transcatheter closure."},{"name":"Perventricular (hybrid) device closure","suits_whom":"Selected perimembranous or muscular defects in experienced centers.","recovery":"Avoids bypass and sternotomy; usually shorter recovery than surgical closure."},{"name":"Transcatheter device closure","suits_whom":"Selected muscular or some perimembranous defects, residual defects, or prohibitive surgical risk.","recovery":"No sternotomy or bypass; usually shorter recovery and hospital stay."}],"treatment_conditions":["inpatient"],"treatment_duration_hours":{"min":3,"max":5,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Operating time for primary patch closure under cardiopulmonary bypass, excluding intensive care."},"initial_assessment_documents":["Transthoracic echocardiogram report with VSD size and location","Echocardiogram video clips","Cardiology or cardiac surgery discharge summary","Chest X-ray report","12-lead ECG report","Cardiac catheterization report (if available)"],"travel_trips":{"min":1,"max":2,"one_trip_possible":true,"qualifier":"Single operation; hospital 5-10 nights, fly home about 2-4 weeks after surgery. Later cardiology reviews usually local."},"clinic_checks":null,"red_flags":null,"warning_signs":null,"take_home":null,"alternatives":null,"technique_details":null}},"hrefLanguages":[{"rel":"alternate","hreflang":"ru","language":"ru","href":"https://ru.bookimed.com/clinics/country=rumuniya/procedure=ventricular-septal-defect-surgery/"}],"offerFilters":{"offer_count":0,"price_filter":{"from":0,"to":0,"avg":0}},"illnessesByOperation":[{"id":573,"alias":"ventricular-septal-defect","name":"心室中隔欠損症"}],"rendersOffersList":false,"fewClinics":true,"topCountriesCount":0}