{"key":"op_929_TH","page":{"url":"https://jp.bookimed.com/clinics/country=thailand/procedure=sex-reassignment-surgery/","procedure":{"id":929,"slug":"sex-reassignment-surgery","name":"性別適合手術","name_forms":{"plural":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"genitive":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"type":"surgery","grammar_number":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"parent_id":"plastic-surgery","family_attribute":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"country":{"id":45,"iso":"TH","name":"タイ"},"currency":"USD","data_date":"2026-11-13"},"pages":{"clinics_url":"https://jp.bookimed.com/clinics/country=thailand/procedure=sex-reassignment-surgery/","cost_url":"https://jp.bookimed.com/clinics/country=thailand/procedure=sex-reassignment-surgery/cost/","best_url":{"status":"missing","reason":"template not live"}},"price":{"from":4400,"to":9500,"avg":{"value":13324,"method":"median","source":"offers"},"us":{"from":30000,"to":60000},"uk":{"from":20000,"to":40000},"by_technique":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"by_city":[{"city":"バンコク","from":4400},{"city":"チェンマイ","from":9500},{"city":"プーケット","from":9500},{"city":"パタヤ","from":9500}],"per_unit":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"factors":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"tiers":{"source":"offers","items":[{"tier":"standard","min":6900,"max":6900,"median":6900,"count":1},{"tier":"premium","min":10777,"max":20727,"median":15841,"count":4}]},"comparison":[{"country_iso":"UA","from":5000,"to":11000},{"country_iso":"FR","from":12000,"to":24000},{"country_iso":"GB","from":20000,"to":40000},{"country_iso":"US","from":30000,"to":60000},{"country_iso":"IL","from":22000,"to":35000},{"country_iso":"TR","from":9000,"to":14500},{"country_iso":"MX","from":8000,"to":19000},{"country_iso":"DE","from":12000,"to":23000},{"country_iso":"CA","from":17000,"to":31000},{"country_iso":"AE","from":12000,"to":26000},{"country_iso":"PL","from":4300,"to":17500},{"country_iso":"KR","from":10000,"to":23000},{"country_iso":"CZ","from":9000,"to":16000},{"country_iso":"AT","from":14000,"to":24000},{"country_iso":"ES","from":14000,"to":25000},{"country_iso":"IT","from":9000,"to":19000},{"country_iso":"CN","from":9000,"to":20000},{"country_iso":"AU","from":28000,"to":52000},{"country_iso":"IN","from":6500,"to":11000},{"country_iso":"MY","from":7500,"to":12000},{"country_iso":"VN","from":4500,"to":9500},{"country_iso":"BR","from":7500,"to":15000}],"base_country":"US","base_is_fallback":false},"savings":{"pct":85,"variant":">=15%"},"package":{"included":["Consultation with a surgeon","General anesthesia","Language assistance","Post-op medications","Preoperative tests","Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport","Consultation with a doctor","Consultation with a plastic surgeron","Consultations: Personalized beauty advice","Follow-up examination","Hospitalization + afterward hotel stay","Blood tests","Chest X-ray","Full board (breakfast+lunch+dinner+drinks)","Donut pillow for vaginal support","Hotel","Medications","Video or text consultation","Consultation with a cardiologist","Follow-up visit","Neck pillow"],"excluded":["Accommodation is not included"],"extra_charges":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"clinics":{"count":22,"items":[{"id":5983,"name":"Wansiri Hospital","city":"Bangkok","rating":4.5,"reviews_count":32,"accreditations":["Royal College of Surgeons Thailand"],"rank":1,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":"Wansiri Hospital offers a comprehensive range of gender-affirming procedures with a 99% success rate for MTF surgery. 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Package Highlights: – General anesthesia administered by a certified anesthesiologist. – 5-night stay in a 5-star hospital with 24-hour professional nursing care. – Three nutritious meals per day curated by a licensed nutritionist. – Drink vouchers prepared by our in-house professional barista. Post-Surgery Recovery: – 16-night stay at the Grand Howard Hotel. – Round-trip shuttle service between the hotel and Wansiri Hospital (2 trips). Recovery Essentials Included: – Set of three vaginal dilators. – Donut pillow for comfort and vaginal support. – Gender dysphoria certificate issued by two licensed psychiatrists. Medical Services: – Pre-operative medical examination. – COVID-19 testing. – All required medications and wound dressing set. – Ongoing post-operative care and support. Exclusive Extras: – Dinner cruise for two along the Chao Phraya River. – Shuttle services (2 trips) covering Airport ↔ Hotel ↔ Hospital. – Special souvenir gift to commemorate the patient’s experience at Wansiri Hospital."},{"id":"66fd0c5a374238877909dce2","price":20727,"nights":10,"included":["Donut pillow for vaginal support","Consultations: Personalized beauty advice","Consultation with a doctor","General anesthesia","Preoperative tests","Follow-up examination","Post-op medications","Chest X-ray","Language assistance","Consultation with a surgeon","Consultation with a plastic surgeron","Hospitalization + afterward hotel stay","Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport"],"excluded":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"other_services":"Peritoneal Pull-Through Vaginoplasty (PPV) – Exclusive Package Surgical Technique: -Utilizes a combination of penile skin and peritoneal grafts -The peritoneum is a mucous membrane that is moist, elastic, and self-lubricating, closely resembling natural vaginal tissue -Provides more natural appearance and sensation for long-term results Package Includes: -General anesthesia administered by a certified anesthesiologist -10-night stay in a 5-star hospital with 24/7 nursing care -3 daily meals curated by a professional nutritionist -Drink vouchers from our in-house barista -11-night hotel stay at the Grand Howard Hotel (post-surgery recovery) -Round-trip shuttle service between the hospital and hotel Recovery & Support Items: -Set of 3 vaginal dilators -Donut pillow for comfortable sitting post-surgery -Gender dysphoria certificate issued by two licensed psychiatrists Medical Services: -Pre-operative medical examination -COVID-19 test -Medications and wound dressing set for post-op care Additional Perks: -Dinner cruise for two on the Chao Phraya River -Shuttle service (2 trips): Airport ↔ Hotel ↔ Hospital -Special souvenir gift to commemorate your journey"},{"id":"66fd07aeb3af924f760a79c2","price":18358,"nights":7,"included":["Consultations: Personalized beauty advice","Hotel","Consultation with a doctor","General anesthesia","Preoperative tests","Blood tests","Post-op medications","Chest X-ray","Language assistance","Consultation with a surgeon","Consultation with a plastic surgeron","Full board (breakfast+lunch+dinner+drinks)","Hospitalization + afterward hotel stay","Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport"],"excluded":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"other_services":"Sigmoid Colon Laparoscopic Vaginoplasty – Exclusive Package Achieve the ultimate goal of MTF Vaginoplasty: a secretory, flexible, hairless, and naturally pink vagina (~5–7 inches deep, 1–1.5 inches in diameter). 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Surgical Benefits: – Utilizes sigmoid colon tissue to create a naturally moist, flexible, and hairless vaginal canal. – Develops a soft, secretory, pink lining closely resembling biological female anatomy. – Typical vaginal depth: 5–7 inches. – Typical diameter: 1–1.5 inches. Package Includes: – General anesthesia by a certified anesthesiologist. – 7-night stay in a luxury 5-star hospital with 24/7 professional nursing care. – Three daily meals curated by a licensed nutritionist. – Premium drinks prepared by a professional barista. – 14-night stay at the Grand Howard Hotel for post-surgery recovery. – Round-trip shuttle service between the hotel and Wansiri Hospital. Post-Operative Support: – Set of three vaginal dilators. – Donut pillow for post-op comfort and support. – Gender dysphoria certificate issued by two licensed psychiatrists. Medical Services: – Pre-operative medical examination. – COVID-19 test. – All required medications and wound dressing set. – Full post-operative care by expert staff. Exclusive Extras: – Dinner cruise for two along the Chao Phraya River. – Shuttle services (2 trips): Airport ↔ Hotel ↔ Hospital. – Commemorative souvenir gift to mark the patient’s transformation journey."}]},{"id":3410,"name":"Asia Cosmetic Hospital","city":"Bangkok","rating":4,"reviews_count":23,"accreditations":["Given to the doctor International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS) Сertificate","Royal College of Surgeons Thailand","The Institute of Hospital Quality Improvement and Accreditation","International Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","Joint Commission International","International Organization for Standardization"],"rank":2,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":"Offers a wide range of MTF and FTM procedures with JCI accreditation. 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Penile Inversion SRS Benefits Penile inversion vaginoplasty is one of the most established techniques for gender-affirming surgery. This procedure is designed to create a neovagina using existing genital skin tissue, with the goal of achieving a natural appearance and functional outcome. Benefits: ✓ Creates a neovagina using your own genital skin tissue ✓ Provides a natural-looking external appearance and feminine contour ✓ Designed to achieve vaginal depth and structure suitable for individual goals ✓ No external skin graft is typically required in standard cases ✓ Helps align physical appearance with gender identity and improve confidence ✓ Performed using a well-established surgical technique by an experienced specialist Take the next step toward achieving your gender-affirming goals with expert surgical care and comprehensive support throughout your journey. Performed by an Experienced Specialist Your surgery will be performed by Dr. Tanongsak, an American Board-Certified Plastic Surgeon with extensive experience in gender-affirming surgery, at a JCI-accredited hospital committed to the highest international standards of patient safety and quality of care. Comprehensive Package Includes ✓ Pre-operative medical evaluation, including blood tests, ECG/EKG, and chest X-ray ✓ Gender dysphoria assessment and certificates from two qualified Thai psychiatrists (required before surgery) ✓ Sex Reassignment Surgery (SRS) performed under general anesthesia ✓ Private inpatient accommodation with 24/7 professional nursing care ✓ English-speaking interpreter assistance throughout your hospital stay ✓ Post-operative medications ✓ Free vaginal dilator set and complete wound care kit ✓ Three-day personalized vaginal dilation training ✓ Detailed post-operative education and recovery guidance ✓ Follow-up care and medical support for up to 6 months after surgery Additional Requirement Before Surgery Patients are required to obtain 2 Gender Identity Disorder (GID) assessment letters from qualified Thai psychiatrists before undergoing surgery. The psychiatric evaluation service is arranged separately and costs approximately 300 USD for both letters. Why Choose Asia Cosmetic Hospital? ✔ JCI-Accredited Hospital delivering internationally recognized standards of safety and quality. ✔ Expert Gender-Affirming Surgical Team with extensive experience caring for patients from around the world. ✔ Transparent all-inclusive package with no hidden fees. ✔ Comprehensive international patient services, from your initial consultation and treatment planning to surgery, recovery, and follow-up care. Begin Your Journey Today Our dedicated international patient team is here to guide you through every step of your journey — from your confidential consultation and surgical planning to travel arrangements, surgery, and recovery. Contact us today to schedule your consultation and receive a personalized treatment plan. Recommended Stay in Thailand For optimal recovery monitoring and a safer healing process, we recommend staying in Thailand for approximately 2 weeks after surgery. This allows our medical team to closely monitor your recovery, provide necessary follow-up care, and ensure your healing is progressing well before you return home. Your follow-up care includes: ✓ Post-operative check-up approximately 1 week after surgery ✓ Suture removal around 7 days after surgery ✓ Final follow-up at approximately 2 weeks after surgery before departure Our medical team is dedicated to providing continuous support throughout your recovery journey."}]},{"id":5585,"name":"ID Clinic Bangkok","city":"Bangkok","rating":4.4,"reviews_count":137,"accreditations":["Royal College of Surgeons Thailand"],"rank":3,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":7326,"name":"Somchai Clinic","city":"Bangkok","rating":4,"reviews_count":1,"accreditations":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"rank":4,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":5934,"name":"Department of Skin & Surgery - NAVAMIN9 HOSPITAL","city":"Bangkok","rating":5,"reviews_count":1,"accreditations":["Joint Commission International"],"rank":5,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":"Doctors have performed 900+ procedures with an artistic approach for natural results. Clinic provides 7-14 days of post-op care including hospital and hotel stay.","bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":9900,"name":"W Plastic Surgery Hospital","city":"Bangkok","rating":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"reviews_count":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"accreditations":["Given to the doctor International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS) Сertificate"],"rank":6,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":"Performs genital reassignment in both directions, male-to-female and female-to-male. Surgeons published on colo-vaginoplasty with 600+ cases. ISAPS accredited, with a team president of Thailand's aesthetic plastic surgeons society.","bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":250,"name":"Bumrungrad International Hospital","city":"Bangkok","rating":4.6,"reviews_count":131,"accreditations":["International Organization for Standardization","Joint Commission International","Global Healthcare Accreditation Program","World's Best Hospitals 2020 by Newsweek","World's Best Hospitals 2021 by Newsweek","World's Best Smart Hospitals 2021 by Newsweek","World's Best Hospitals 2022 by Newsweek","World's Best Smart Hospitals 2023 by Newsweek"],"rank":7,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":"Offers three distinct techniques for vaginoplasty with detailed pricing. Hospital stay ranges from 5-10 days depending on technique. 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internationally recognized expertise meets compassionate, patient-centered care. Penile Inversion SRS Benefits Penile inversion vaginoplasty is one of the most established techniques for gender-affirming surgery. This procedure is designed to create a neovagina using existing genital skin tissue, with the goal of achieving a natural appearance and functional outcome. Benefits: ✓ Creates a neovagina using your own genital skin tissue ✓ Provides a natural-looking external appearance and feminine contour ✓ Designed to achieve vaginal depth and structure suitable for individual goals ✓ No external skin graft is typically required in standard cases ✓ Helps align physical appearance with gender identity and improve confidence ✓ Performed using a well-established surgical technique by an experienced specialist Take the next step toward achieving your gender-affirming goals with expert surgical care and comprehensive support throughout your journey. Performed by an Experienced Specialist Your surgery will be performed by Dr. Tanongsak, an American Board-Certified Plastic Surgeon with extensive experience in gender-affirming surgery, at a JCI-accredited hospital committed to the highest international standards of patient safety and quality of care. Comprehensive Package Includes ✓ Pre-operative medical evaluation, including blood tests, ECG/EKG, and chest X-ray ✓ Gender dysphoria assessment and certificates from two qualified Thai psychiatrists (required before surgery) ✓ Sex Reassignment Surgery (SRS) performed under general anesthesia ✓ Private inpatient accommodation with 24/7 professional nursing care ✓ English-speaking interpreter assistance throughout your hospital stay ✓ Post-operative medications ✓ Free vaginal dilator set and complete wound care kit ✓ Three-day personalized vaginal dilation training ✓ Detailed post-operative education and recovery guidance ✓ Follow-up care and medical support for up to 6 months after surgery Additional Requirement Before Surgery Patients are required to obtain 2 Gender Identity Disorder (GID) assessment letters from qualified Thai psychiatrists before undergoing surgery. The psychiatric evaluation service is arranged separately and costs approximately 300 USD for both letters. Why Choose Asia Cosmetic Hospital? ✔ JCI-Accredited Hospital delivering internationally recognized standards of safety and quality. ✔ Expert Gender-Affirming Surgical Team with extensive experience caring for patients from around the world. ✔ Transparent all-inclusive package with no hidden fees. ✔ Comprehensive international patient services, from your initial consultation and treatment planning to surgery, recovery, and follow-up care. Begin Your Journey Today Our dedicated international patient team is here to guide you through every step of your journey — from your confidential consultation and surgical planning to travel arrangements, surgery, and recovery. Contact us today to schedule your consultation and receive a personalized treatment plan. Recommended Stay in Thailand For optimal recovery monitoring and a safer healing process, we recommend staying in Thailand for approximately 2 weeks after surgery. This allows our medical team to closely monitor your recovery, provide necessary follow-up care, and ensure your healing is progressing well before you return home. Your follow-up care includes: ✓ Post-operative check-up approximately 1 week after surgery ✓ Suture removal around 7 days after surgery ✓ Final follow-up at approximately 2 weeks after surgery before departure Our medical team is dedicated to providing continuous support throughout your recovery journey.","is_package":true},{"id":"66fd04411cf1a6c5ec019f22","clinic_id":5983,"clinic_listed":true,"price":10777,"nights":5,"transfer":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"tests":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"meds":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"aftercare":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"guarantee":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"included":["Consultations: Personalized beauty advice","Hotel","Video or text consultation","Consultation with a doctor","General anesthesia","Preoperative tests","Blood tests","Medications","Follow-up examination","Post-op medications","Language assistance","Consultation with a surgeon","Consultation with a plastic surgeron","Full board (breakfast+lunch+dinner+drinks)","Hospitalization + afterward hotel stay","Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport"],"excluded":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"other_services":"Scrotal Skin Graft Vaginoplasty – All-Inclusive Package Designed to ensure a smooth, safe, and fully supported gender affirmation experience. Package Highlights: – General anesthesia administered by a certified anesthesiologist. – 5-night stay in a 5-star hospital with 24-hour professional nursing care. – Three nutritious meals per day curated by a licensed nutritionist. – Drink vouchers prepared by our in-house professional barista. Post-Surgery Recovery: – 16-night stay at the Grand Howard Hotel. – Round-trip shuttle service between the hotel and Wansiri Hospital (2 trips). Recovery Essentials Included: – Set of three vaginal dilators. – Donut pillow for comfort and vaginal support. – Gender dysphoria certificate issued by two licensed psychiatrists. Medical Services: – Pre-operative medical examination. – COVID-19 testing. – All required medications and wound dressing set. – Ongoing post-operative care and support. Exclusive Extras: – Dinner cruise for two along the Chao Phraya River. – Shuttle services (2 trips) covering Airport ↔ Hotel ↔ Hospital. – Special souvenir gift to commemorate the patient’s experience at Wansiri Hospital.","is_package":true}],"packages":[{"id":"668ccad2315d54c58205e143","clinic_id":3410,"clinic_listed":true,"price":6900,"price_before_discount":12000,"nights":7,"transfer":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"tests":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"meds":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"aftercare":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"guarantee":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"included":["General anesthesia","Preoperative tests","Medications","Follow-up examination","Post-op medications","Neck pillow","Language assistance","Consultation with a surgeon","Follow-up visit","Consultation with a cardiologist","Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport"],"excluded":["Accommodation is not included"],"other_services":"✨ All-Inclusive Sex Reassignment Surgery (SRS) – Penile Inversion Technique Package 📍 Asia Cosmetic Hospital | Bangkok, Thailand Take the next step in your gender-affirming journey with confidence at Asia Cosmetic Hospital, where internationally recognized expertise meets compassionate, patient-centered care. Penile Inversion SRS Benefits Penile inversion vaginoplasty is one of the most established techniques for gender-affirming surgery. This procedure is designed to create a neovagina using existing genital skin tissue, with the goal of achieving a natural appearance and functional outcome. Benefits: ✓ Creates a neovagina using your own genital skin tissue ✓ Provides a natural-looking external appearance and feminine contour ✓ Designed to achieve vaginal depth and structure suitable for individual goals ✓ No external skin graft is typically required in standard cases ✓ Helps align physical appearance with gender identity and improve confidence ✓ Performed using a well-established surgical technique by an experienced specialist Take the next step toward achieving your gender-affirming goals with expert surgical care and comprehensive support throughout your journey. Performed by an Experienced Specialist Your surgery will be performed by Dr. Tanongsak, an American Board-Certified Plastic Surgeon with extensive experience in gender-affirming surgery, at a JCI-accredited hospital committed to the highest international standards of patient safety and quality of care. Comprehensive Package Includes ✓ Pre-operative medical evaluation, including blood tests, ECG/EKG, and chest X-ray ✓ Gender dysphoria assessment and certificates from two qualified Thai psychiatrists (required before surgery) ✓ Sex Reassignment Surgery (SRS) performed under general anesthesia ✓ Private inpatient accommodation with 24/7 professional nursing care ✓ English-speaking interpreter assistance throughout your hospital stay ✓ Post-operative medications ✓ Free vaginal dilator set and complete wound care kit ✓ Three-day personalized vaginal dilation training ✓ Detailed post-operative education and recovery guidance ✓ Follow-up care and medical support for up to 6 months after surgery Additional Requirement Before Surgery Patients are required to obtain 2 Gender Identity Disorder (GID) assessment letters from qualified Thai psychiatrists before undergoing surgery. The psychiatric evaluation service is arranged separately and costs approximately 300 USD for both letters. Why Choose Asia Cosmetic Hospital? ✔ JCI-Accredited Hospital delivering internationally recognized standards of safety and quality. ✔ Expert Gender-Affirming Surgical Team with extensive experience caring for patients from around the world. ✔ Transparent all-inclusive package with no hidden fees. ✔ Comprehensive international patient services, from your initial consultation and treatment planning to surgery, recovery, and follow-up care. Begin Your Journey Today Our dedicated international patient team is here to guide you through every step of your journey — from your confidential consultation and surgical planning to travel arrangements, surgery, and recovery. Contact us today to schedule your consultation and receive a personalized treatment plan. Recommended Stay in Thailand For optimal recovery monitoring and a safer healing process, we recommend staying in Thailand for approximately 2 weeks after surgery. This allows our medical team to closely monitor your recovery, provide necessary follow-up care, and ensure your healing is progressing well before you return home. Your follow-up care includes: ✓ Post-operative check-up approximately 1 week after surgery ✓ Suture removal around 7 days after surgery ✓ Final follow-up at approximately 2 weeks after surgery before departure Our medical team is dedicated to providing continuous support throughout your recovery journey.","is_package":true},{"id":"66fd04411cf1a6c5ec019f22","clinic_id":5983,"clinic_listed":true,"price":10777,"nights":5,"transfer":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"tests":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"meds":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"aftercare":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"guarantee":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"included":["Consultations: Personalized beauty advice","Hotel","Video or text consultation","Consultation with a doctor","General anesthesia","Preoperative tests","Blood tests","Medications","Follow-up examination","Post-op medications","Language assistance","Consultation with a surgeon","Consultation with a plastic surgeron","Full board (breakfast+lunch+dinner+drinks)","Hospitalization + afterward hotel stay","Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport"],"excluded":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"other_services":"Scrotal Skin Graft Vaginoplasty – All-Inclusive Package Designed to ensure a smooth, safe, and fully supported gender affirmation experience. Package Highlights: – General anesthesia administered by a certified anesthesiologist. – 5-night stay in a 5-star hospital with 24-hour professional nursing care. – Three nutritious meals per day curated by a licensed nutritionist. – Drink vouchers prepared by our in-house professional barista. Post-Surgery Recovery: – 16-night stay at the Grand Howard Hotel. – Round-trip shuttle service between the hotel and Wansiri Hospital (2 trips). Recovery Essentials Included: – Set of three vaginal dilators. – Donut pillow for comfort and vaginal support. – Gender dysphoria certificate issued by two licensed psychiatrists. Medical Services: – Pre-operative medical examination. – COVID-19 testing. – All required medications and wound dressing set. – Ongoing post-operative care and support. Exclusive Extras: – Dinner cruise for two along the Chao Phraya River. – Shuttle services (2 trips) covering Airport ↔ Hotel ↔ Hospital. – Special souvenir gift to commemorate the patient’s experience at Wansiri Hospital.","is_package":true},{"id":"66fd0c5a374238877909dce2","clinic_id":5983,"clinic_listed":true,"price":20727,"nights":10,"transfer":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"tests":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"meds":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"aftercare":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"guarantee":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"included":["Donut pillow for vaginal support","Consultations: Personalized beauty advice","Consultation with a doctor","General anesthesia","Preoperative tests","Follow-up examination","Post-op medications","Chest X-ray","Language assistance","Consultation with a surgeon","Consultation with a plastic surgeron","Hospitalization + afterward hotel stay","Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport"],"excluded":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"other_services":"Peritoneal Pull-Through Vaginoplasty (PPV) – Exclusive Package Surgical Technique: -Utilizes a combination of penile skin and peritoneal grafts -The peritoneum is a mucous membrane that is moist, elastic, and self-lubricating, closely resembling natural vaginal tissue -Provides more natural appearance and sensation for long-term results Package Includes: -General anesthesia administered by a certified anesthesiologist -10-night stay in a 5-star hospital with 24/7 nursing care -3 daily meals curated by a professional nutritionist -Drink vouchers from our in-house barista -11-night hotel stay at the Grand Howard Hotel (post-surgery recovery) -Round-trip shuttle service between the hospital and hotel Recovery & Support Items: -Set of 3 vaginal dilators -Donut pillow for comfortable sitting post-surgery -Gender dysphoria certificate issued by two licensed psychiatrists Medical Services: -Pre-operative medical examination -COVID-19 test -Medications and wound dressing set for post-op care Additional Perks: -Dinner cruise for two on the Chao Phraya River -Shuttle service (2 trips): Airport ↔ Hotel ↔ Hospital -Special souvenir gift to commemorate your journey","is_package":true},{"id":"66fd07aeb3af924f760a79c2","clinic_id":5983,"clinic_listed":true,"price":18358,"nights":7,"transfer":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"tests":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"meds":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"aftercare":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"guarantee":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"included":["Consultations: Personalized beauty advice","Hotel","Consultation with a doctor","General anesthesia","Preoperative tests","Blood tests","Post-op medications","Chest X-ray","Language assistance","Consultation with a surgeon","Consultation with a plastic surgeron","Full board (breakfast+lunch+dinner+drinks)","Hospitalization + afterward hotel stay","Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport"],"excluded":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"other_services":"Sigmoid Colon Laparoscopic Vaginoplasty – Exclusive Package Achieve the ultimate goal of MTF Vaginoplasty: a secretory, flexible, hairless, and naturally pink vagina (~5–7 inches deep, 1–1.5 inches in diameter). Surgical Benefits: -Utilizes sigmoid colon tissue for a naturally moist, pink, and hairless vaginal canal -Provides long-lasting results with natural flexibility and secretory function Package Includes: -General anesthesia by an experienced anesthesiologist -7-night stay at a luxury 5-star hospital with 24/7 professional nursing care -3 meals per day prepared by a certified nutritionist -Drink vouchers from our in-house barista -14-night stay at the Grand Howard Hotel for post-operative recovery -Round-trip shuttle service between the hotel and Wansiri Hospital Post-Surgical Support: -Set of 3 vaginal dilators -Donut pillow for added comfort and support -Gender dysphoria certificate from two licensed psychiatrists Medical Services: -Pre-operative medical examination -COVID-19 test -All required medications and wound dressing set -Full post-operative care and ongoing medical support Exclusive Extras: -Dinner cruise for two along the Chao Phraya River -Shuttle service (2 trips): Airport ↔ Hotel ↔ Hospital -Special souvenir gift to commemorate your journey","is_package":true},{"id":"66fd064150dc3c33f1044a82","clinic_id":5983,"clinic_listed":true,"price":13324,"nights":7,"transfer":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"tests":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"meds":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"aftercare":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"guarantee":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"included":["Donut pillow for vaginal support","Consultations: Personalized beauty advice","Video or text consultation","Consultation with a doctor","General anesthesia","Preoperative tests","Blood tests","Follow-up examination","Post-op medications","Chest X-ray","Language assistance","Consultation with a surgeon","Consultation with a plastic surgeron","Full board (breakfast+lunch+dinner+drinks)","Hospitalization + afterward hotel stay","Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport"],"excluded":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"other_services":"Sigmoid Colon Laparotomy – Exclusive MTF Vaginoplasty Package Designed to achieve the ultimate goal of MTF vaginoplasty: a secretory, flexible, hairless, and naturally pink vagina (approx. 5–7 inches deep and 1–1.5 inches in diameter). Surgical Benefits: – Utilizes sigmoid colon tissue to create a naturally moist, flexible, and hairless vaginal canal. – Develops a soft, secretory, pink lining closely resembling biological female anatomy. – Typical vaginal depth: 5–7 inches. – Typical diameter: 1–1.5 inches. Package Includes: – General anesthesia by a certified anesthesiologist. – 7-night stay in a luxury 5-star hospital with 24/7 professional nursing care. – Three daily meals curated by a licensed nutritionist. – Premium drinks prepared by a professional barista. – 14-night stay at the Grand Howard Hotel for post-surgery recovery. – Round-trip shuttle service between the hotel and Wansiri Hospital. Post-Operative Support: – Set of three vaginal dilators. – Donut pillow for post-op comfort and support. – Gender dysphoria certificate issued by two licensed psychiatrists. Medical Services: – Pre-operative medical examination. – COVID-19 test. – All required medications and wound dressing set. – Full post-operative care by expert staff. Exclusive Extras: – Dinner cruise for two along the Chao Phraya River. – Shuttle services (2 trips): Airport ↔ Hotel ↔ Hospital. – Commemorative souvenir gift to mark the patient’s transformation journey.","is_package":true}],"related_packages":[{"id":"68de0e05a9ff838cd1093d22","clinic_id":3410,"clinic_listed":true,"price":20000,"price_before_discount":30000,"nights":0,"transfer":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"tests":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"meds":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"aftercare":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"guarantee":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"included":["Chest X-ray","Medications","Blood tests","General anesthesia","Consultation with a doctor","Video or text consultation","Transfer to the clinic"],"excluded":["Accommodation is not included"],"other_services":"Price and Procedure for Facial Feminization Surgery 1- Forehead reconstruction- 185,000 THB 3- Chin feminization - 180,000 THB 4- Jaw reduction + shaving - 152,000 THB 5- Cheekbone Reduction + shaving - 152,000 THB 6. Facelift + Neck lift 185,000 THB Our Comprehensive Service Package: 1) Physical Examination: •Comprehensive physical assessments including blood tests, EKG, and X-rays to ensure your readiness for surgery. 2) Take Home Medication: •Essential medications prescribed for post-operative care to facilitate a smooth recovery process. 3) VIP Nursing Care + English Translator: •Dedicated VIP nursing care alongside English translation services to ensure clear communication and personalized attention throughout your journey. 4) Registration Fees: •Initial registration fees are included in our service package for your convenience. 5) Consultation Fees: •Expert consultation sessions with our experienced surgeons to discuss your concerns, goals, and treatment options. 6) Surgery: •Your chosen surgical procedure performed by our skilled surgical team utilizing state-of-the-art techniques and equipment. 7) General Anesthesia: •Administration of general anesthesia by our qualified anesthesiologists to ensure your comfort and safety during surgery. 8) FREE Follow-Up After Surgery (6 Months): •Complimentary follow-up consultations for up to 6 months post-surgery to monitor your progress and address any concerns. 9) FREE Hospital Stay (2 Nights): •Enjoy a comfortable hospital stay for 2 nights following your surgery, with round-the-clock medical support and care. 10) FREE Airport Pick-Up (Upon 30% Deposit): •Complimentary airport pick-up service is provided upon receipt of a 30% deposit, ensuring a seamless arrival to Asia Cosmetic Hospital.","is_package":true,"operation_id":661,"operation_name":"Facial feminization surgery (FFS)"}],"other_packages":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_classified"}},"medical":{"indications":["Persistent, well-documented gender dysphoria in adults","Gender incongruence causing distress despite hormone therapy"],"contraindications":["Gender dysphoria unconfirmed by qualified assessment","Untreated severe psychiatric illness impairing consent or aftercare","Active smoking or nicotine use (relative; stop before surgery)","Uncontrolled diabetes, cardiovascular or serious illness unsafe for anesthesia","Very high or very low BMI (relative)","Active infection or skin disease at surgical or donor site","Unable to follow dilation or catheter aftercare"],"operation_hours":{"min":3,"max":6,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Operating time for penile inversion vaginoplasty; varies with technique and surgeon."},"anesthesia":["general"],"sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":1,"max":1,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"One surgical procedure; revisions are not routine."},"stages":[{"code":"single_stage_surgery","label":"Single-stage vaginoplasty under general anesthesia","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Performed on day of surgery."}}],"qualifier":"Penile inversion vaginoplasty is usually done in one stage."},"hospital_nights":{"value":7,"source":"offers","parsed_details":{"min":5,"max":7,"unit":"nights","qualifier":"Stay until packing and catheter care are stable; based on penile inversion vaginoplasty."}},"treatment_conditions":["inpatient"],"rehabilitation_days":{"min":30,"max":45,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Ordinary daily function with dilation routine; depends on healing and pain."},"fly_home_after_days":{"min":14,"max":21,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After catheter removal and first dilation review; clearance depends on wound healing and thrombosis risk."},"back_to_work_days":{"min":21,"max":56,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Desk work from about week 3; physical work needs 6-8 weeks or longer."},"exercise_resume_weeks":{"min":6,"max":12,"unit":"weeks","qualifier":"Walking early; strenuous exercise, cycling and pelvic strain after surgeon clearance and healing."},"final_result_months":{"min":6,"max":12,"unit":"months","qualifier":"Swelling settles and sensation and appearance mature; depends on healing and dilation adherence."},"result_longevity":"Results are intended to be permanent, though revisions or additional procedures may be needed depending on technique and healing.","main_risks":["Bleeding, hematoma and infection","Wound dehiscence and delayed healing","Partial or total tissue/flap necrosis","Urethral stricture, fistula or urinary complications","Loss or reduced genital sensation, or sexual dysfunction","Neovaginal stenosis or prolapse; rectal injury (vaginoplasty)","Persistent pain, visible scarring","Need for revision surgery","Thromboembolism and anesthesia-related risks","Donor-site complications where grafts or flaps are used","Psychological distress or dissatisfaction"],"complication_rate_pct":{"min":20,"max":40,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Any early or late complication after penile inversion vaginoplasty; major complications such as rectal injury under 2%."},"revision_rate_pct":{"min":5,"max":20,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Secondary surgery, mostly minor cosmetic or functional revision such as labiaplasty, clitoral hood or stricture correction."},"success":{"metric":"Patient satisfaction with surgical result","value":93,"horizon":"1-2 years after surgery","source":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"evidence_status":"limited"},"scars":"Scars are unavoidable and vary by technique; they may be genital, perineal, abdominal, or at flap donor sites such as the forearm or thigh.","pain":"Moderate to significant pain in the first days to weeks, controlled with multimodal analgesia; intensity varies with the operation and donor sites.","preparation":["Mental health and endocrine assessment per local standards","Preoperative medical evaluation, blood tests and anesthesia assessment","Smoking and nicotine cessation","Surgeon-directed hair removal at donor or genital site","Fertility counselling and preservation discussion","Bowel preparation and fasting as instructed","Arrange postoperative support and accommodation near the clinic"],"recovery_timeline":[{"phase":"Hospital stay (days 0-7)","description":"Bed rest with vaginal packing and urinary catheter. Pain controlled with multimodal analgesia.","restrictions":["Limited mobility","No sitting directly on the area"]},{"phase":"Early recovery (weeks 1-3)","description":"Packing and catheter removed; dilation begins. Stay near the clinic for wound checks.","restrictions":["No long travel","No lifting","Avoid prolonged sitting"]},{"phase":"Intermediate recovery (weeks 3-8)","description":"Swelling and discharge decrease; return to desk work. Dilation continues several times daily.","restrictions":["No strenuous exercise","No cycling","No sexual activity"]},{"phase":"Late recovery (months 2-12)","description":"Gradual return to full activity after clearance. Dilation frequency is reduced over time.","restrictions":["Follow surgeon's dilation schedule","Sexual activity only after clearance"]}],"follow_up_visits":[{"purpose":"wound_check","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":5,"max":7,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Packing and catheter removal, first dilation teaching."}},{"purpose":"wound_check","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":14,"max":21,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Check healing, granulation and dilation technique before travel."}},{"purpose":"assessment","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":42,"max":90,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Depth, dilation progress and activity clearance, often remote."}},{"purpose":"result_review","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":180,"max":365,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Final appearance, function and need for revision."}}],"sources":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"clinic_checks":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"C1","text":"Check that your surgeon explains what to expect after surgery and which symptoms signal potential problems","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/21572-vaginoplasty","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Your surgeon will go over what you can expect after vaginoplasty, including what symptoms are signs of potential problems.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C2","text":"Check which surgical method your surgeon uses, because risks and recovery depend on it","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/21572-vaginoplasty","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"The risks and recovery process depend on the method your surgeon uses.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C3","text":"Interview as many surgeons as possible before choosing, in person or by video","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://www.healthline.com/health/transgender/bottom-surgery","host":"healthline.com","quote":"When choosing a surgeon, pursue in-person or skype interviews with as many surgeons as possible.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C4","text":"Check the qualifications of the medical team that will treat you","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Have you checked the qualifications of the medical team treating you?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C5","text":"Check whether follow-up care takes place at the same facility as the procedure","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.cdc.gov/Yellow-book/hcp/health-care-abroad/medical-tourism.html","host":"cdc.gov","quote":"Medical tourists should also know whether follow-up care is scheduled to occur at the same facility as the procedure.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":403}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-11","next_check_at":"2027-11-11","version":1},"red_flags":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"F1","text":"A clinic that offers no consultation with the operating surgeon until the day of surgery is a warning sign","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://southside.scot.nhs.uk/surgery-abroad-without-nhs-referral","host":"southside.scot.nhs.uk","quote":"Many clinics abroad do not offer a consultation with your surgeon until the day of surgery.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"F2","text":"Being given too little time to think about the consultation before deciding is a warning sign","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://southside.scot.nhs.uk/surgery-abroad-without-nhs-referral","host":"southside.scot.nhs.uk","quote":"You should have time to think about what was said, and to decide what's right for you.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"F3","text":"An advert or information that guarantees complete success should raise concerns","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Any advert or information that guarantees complete success should raise concerns.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-11","next_check_at":"2027-11-11","version":1},"warning_signs":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"W1","text":"Blood-soaked dressings or heavy bleeding","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/21572-vaginoplasty","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Blood-soaked dressings, which can be a sign of excessive bleeding.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"W2","text":"Difficulty or pain while urinating","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/21585-phalloplasty","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Difficulty or pain while peeing.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"W3","text":"Abnormal swelling in groin or lower leg","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/21572-vaginoplasty","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Signs of blood clots, such as abnormal swelling in your groin or lower leg.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"W4","text":"Discoloration or skin changes on the neophallus","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/21585-phalloplasty","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Discoloration or other skin changes in your neophallus.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"W5","text":"Fever or yellowish discharge from the incision","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":true,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/21572-vaginoplasty","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Infections, which can cause a fever or yellowish discharge from the incision.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-11","next_check_at":"2027-11-11","version":1},"take_home":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"T1","text":"Gives the home doctor treatment details and future care needs","document":"discharge letter for gp","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/nhs-services/hospitals/going-into-hospital/being-discharged-from-hospital","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"You'll also be given a letter for your GP, providing information about your treatment and future care needs.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T2","text":"Ask for copies of all prescriptions before you leave","document":"prescription copies","source":{"url":"https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/news/699/travelling-abroad-for-treatment","host":"travelhealthpro.org.uk","quote":"Remember to ask for copies of all your treatment records, including prescriptions, scans and x-rays before you leave.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T3","text":"Home doctor needs the dates for required blood tests and follow-up appointments","document":"written aftercare plan","source":{"url":"https://sbuhb.nhs.wales/about-us/individual-patient-commissioning/ipc-folder/advice-on-accessing-treatment-abroad","host":"sbuhb.nhs.wales","quote":"This should include any medication and doses, as well as any dates that blood tests and follow-up appointments must be carried out.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-11","next_check_at":"2027-11-11","version":1}},"parsed_details":{"procedure_type":"surgery","fields":{"anesthesia":["general"],"back_to_work_days":{"min":21,"max":56,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Desk work from about week 3; physical work needs 6-8 weeks or longer."},"complication_rate_pct":{"min":20,"max":40,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Any early or late complication after penile inversion vaginoplasty; major complications such as rectal injury under 2%."},"contraindications":["Gender dysphoria unconfirmed by qualified assessment","Untreated severe psychiatric illness impairing consent or aftercare","Active smoking or nicotine use (relative; stop before surgery)","Uncontrolled diabetes, cardiovascular or serious illness unsafe for anesthesia","Very high or very low BMI (relative)","Active infection or skin disease at surgical or donor site","Unable to follow dilation or catheter aftercare"],"days_in_clinic":{"min":5,"max":7,"unit":"nights","qualifier":"Stay until packing and catheter care are stable; based on penile inversion vaginoplasty."},"diagnostic_duration_minutes":null,"diagnostic_preparation":null,"diagnostic_referral_needed":null,"diagnostic_result_time_hours":null,"exercise_resume_weeks":{"min":6,"max":12,"unit":"weeks","qualifier":"Walking early; strenuous exercise, cycling and pelvic strain after surgeon clearance and healing."},"final_result_months":{"min":6,"max":12,"unit":"months","qualifier":"Swelling settles and sensation and appearance mature; depends on healing and dilation adherence."},"fly_home_after_days":{"min":14,"max":21,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After catheter removal and first dilation review; clearance depends on wound healing and thrombosis risk."},"follow_up_visits":[{"purpose":"wound_check","after":{"min":5,"max":7,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Packing and catheter removal, first dilation teaching."},"requirement":"routine"},{"purpose":"wound_check","after":{"min":14,"max":21,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Check healing, granulation and dilation technique before travel."},"requirement":"routine"},{"purpose":"assessment","after":{"min":42,"max":90,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Depth, dilation progress and activity clearance, often remote."},"requirement":"routine"},{"purpose":"result_review","after":{"min":180,"max":365,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Final appearance, function and need for revision."},"requirement":"routine"}],"indications":["Persistent, well-documented gender dysphoria in adults","Gender incongruence causing distress despite hormone therapy"],"main_risks":["Bleeding, hematoma and infection","Wound dehiscence and delayed healing","Partial or total tissue/flap necrosis","Urethral stricture, fistula or urinary complications","Loss or reduced genital sensation, or sexual dysfunction","Neovaginal stenosis or prolapse; rectal injury (vaginoplasty)","Persistent pain, visible scarring","Need for revision surgery","Thromboembolism and anesthesia-related risks","Donor-site complications where grafts or flaps are used","Psychological distress or dissatisfaction"],"pain":"Moderate to significant pain in the first days to weeks, controlled with multimodal analgesia; intensity varies with the operation and donor sites.","preparation":["Mental health and endocrine assessment per local standards","Preoperative medical evaluation, blood tests and anesthesia assessment","Smoking and nicotine cessation","Surgeon-directed hair removal at donor or genital site","Fertility counselling and preservation discussion","Bowel preparation and fasting as instructed","Arrange postoperative support and accommodation near the clinic"],"recovery_timeline":[{"phase":"Hospital stay (days 0-7)","description":"Bed rest with vaginal packing and urinary catheter. Pain controlled with multimodal analgesia.","restrictions":["Limited mobility","No sitting directly on the area"]},{"phase":"Early recovery (weeks 1-3)","description":"Packing and catheter removed; dilation begins. Stay near the clinic for wound checks.","restrictions":["No long travel","No lifting","Avoid prolonged sitting"]},{"phase":"Intermediate recovery (weeks 3-8)","description":"Swelling and discharge decrease; return to desk work. Dilation continues several times daily.","restrictions":["No strenuous exercise","No cycling","No sexual activity"]},{"phase":"Late recovery (months 2-12)","description":"Gradual return to full activity after clearance. Dilation frequency is reduced over time.","restrictions":["Follow surgeon's dilation schedule","Sexual activity only after clearance"]}],"rehabilitation_days":{"min":30,"max":45,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Ordinary daily function with dilation routine; depends on healing and pain."},"result_longevity":"Results are intended to be permanent, though revisions or additional procedures may be needed depending on technique and healing.","revision_rate_pct":{"min":5,"max":20,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Secondary surgery, mostly minor cosmetic or functional revision such as labiaplasty, clitoral hood or stricture correction."},"scars":"Scars are unavoidable and vary by technique; they may be genital, perineal, abdominal, or at flap donor sites such as the forearm or thigh.","sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":1,"max":1,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"One surgical procedure; revisions are not routine."},"stages":[{"code":"single_stage_surgery","label":"Single-stage vaginoplasty under general anesthesia","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Performed on day of surgery."}}],"qualifier":"Penile inversion vaginoplasty is usually done in one stage."},"success":{"metric":"Patient satisfaction with surgical result","value":93,"unit":"percent satisfied","horizon":"1-2 years after surgery","population":"Adults after penile inversion vaginoplasty for gender dysphoria","evidence_status":"limited"},"techniques":[{"name":"Vaginoplasty (penile inversion or intestinal segment)","suits_whom":"Transgender women seeking a neovagina","recovery":"Several weeks of restricted activity with dilation regimen; prolonged healing."},{"name":"Phalloplasty (e.g., radial forearm or anterolateral thigh flap)","suits_whom":"Transgender men seeking a neophallus, often staged","recovery":"Long recovery with donor-site care; often multiple stages over months."},{"name":"Metoidioplasty","suits_whom":"Transgender men on testosterone seeking a smaller phallus from enlarged clitoris","recovery":"Shorter recovery than phalloplasty; several weeks of restrictions."},{"name":"Vulvoplasty (without vaginal canal)","suits_whom":"Transgender women who do not want vaginal depth","recovery":"Shorter recovery than vaginoplasty, with no dilation requirement."}],"treatment_conditions":["inpatient"],"treatment_duration_hours":{"min":3,"max":6,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Operating time for penile inversion vaginoplasty; varies with technique and surgeon."},"initial_assessment_documents":["Gender dysphoria diagnosis letters from mental health professionals","Hormone therapy start date and dosage record","Recent hormone and blood test results","Front and side body photos","Hair removal records at donor site, if any","Medical history and previous surgery reports"],"travel_trips":{"min":1,"max":4,"one_trip_possible":true,"qualifier":"One trip for vaginoplasty; phalloplasty often needs 2-4 trips."},"clinic_checks":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"C1","text":"Check that your surgeon explains what to expect after surgery and which symptoms signal potential problems","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/21572-vaginoplasty","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Your surgeon will go over what you can expect after vaginoplasty, including what symptoms are signs of potential problems.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C2","text":"Check which surgical method your surgeon uses, because risks and recovery depend on it","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/21572-vaginoplasty","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"The risks and recovery process depend on the method your surgeon uses.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C3","text":"Interview as many surgeons as possible before choosing, in person or by video","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://www.healthline.com/health/transgender/bottom-surgery","host":"healthline.com","quote":"When choosing a surgeon, pursue in-person or skype interviews with as many surgeons as possible.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C4","text":"Check the qualifications of the medical team that will treat you","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Have you checked the qualifications of the medical team treating you?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C5","text":"Check whether follow-up care takes place at the same facility as the procedure","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.cdc.gov/Yellow-book/hcp/health-care-abroad/medical-tourism.html","host":"cdc.gov","quote":"Medical tourists should also know whether follow-up care is scheduled to occur at the same facility as the procedure.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":403}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-11","next_check_at":"2027-11-11","version":1},"red_flags":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"F1","text":"A clinic that offers no consultation with the operating surgeon until the day of surgery is a warning sign","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://southside.scot.nhs.uk/surgery-abroad-without-nhs-referral","host":"southside.scot.nhs.uk","quote":"Many clinics abroad do not offer a consultation with your surgeon until the day of surgery.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"F2","text":"Being given too little time to think about the consultation before deciding is a warning sign","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://southside.scot.nhs.uk/surgery-abroad-without-nhs-referral","host":"southside.scot.nhs.uk","quote":"You should have time to think about what was said, and to decide what's right for you.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"F3","text":"An advert or information that guarantees complete success should raise concerns","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Any advert or information that guarantees complete success should raise concerns.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-11","next_check_at":"2027-11-11","version":1},"warning_signs":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"W1","text":"Blood-soaked dressings or heavy bleeding","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/21572-vaginoplasty","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Blood-soaked dressings, which can be a sign of excessive bleeding.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"W2","text":"Difficulty or pain while urinating","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/21585-phalloplasty","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Difficulty or pain while peeing.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"W3","text":"Abnormal swelling in groin or lower leg","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/21572-vaginoplasty","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Signs of blood clots, such as abnormal swelling in your groin or lower leg.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"W4","text":"Discoloration or skin changes on the neophallus","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/21585-phalloplasty","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Discoloration or other skin changes in your neophallus.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"W5","text":"Fever or yellowish discharge from the incision","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":true,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/21572-vaginoplasty","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Infections, which can cause a fever or yellowish discharge from the incision.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-11","next_check_at":"2027-11-11","version":1},"take_home":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"T1","text":"Gives the home doctor treatment details and future care needs","document":"discharge letter for gp","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/nhs-services/hospitals/going-into-hospital/being-discharged-from-hospital","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"You'll also be given a letter for your GP, providing information about your treatment and future care needs.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T2","text":"Ask for copies of all prescriptions before you leave","document":"prescription copies","source":{"url":"https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/news/699/travelling-abroad-for-treatment","host":"travelhealthpro.org.uk","quote":"Remember to ask for copies of all your treatment records, including prescriptions, scans and x-rays before you leave.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T3","text":"Home doctor needs the dates for required blood tests and follow-up appointments","document":"written aftercare plan","source":{"url":"https://sbuhb.nhs.wales/about-us/individual-patient-commissioning/ipc-folder/advice-on-accessing-treatment-abroad","host":"sbuhb.nhs.wales","quote":"This should include any medication and doses, as well as any dates that blood tests and follow-up appointments must be carried out.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-11","next_check_at":"2027-11-11","version":1},"alternatives":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"A1","text":"Support and advice from the clinic feel enough for you","name":"Gender clinic support and advice","source":{"url":"https://111.wales.nhs.uk/genderdysphoria/","host":"111.wales.nhs.uk","quote":"For some people, support and advice from the clinic are all they need to feel comfortable with their gender identity.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200},"operation_id":null}],"checked_at":"2026-11-11","next_check_at":"2027-11-11","version":1},"technique_details":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"vaginoplasty","name":"Vaginoplasty (penile inversion or intestinal segment)","how_it_works":{"text":"The penis is removed and an artificial vagina is constructed","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/gender-dysphoria/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"removing the penis and construction of an artificial vagina","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"}},{"id":"phalloplasty","name":"Phalloplasty (e.g., radial forearm or anterolateral thigh flap)","how_it_works":{"text":"A rolled skin flap forms the penile shaft","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/21585-phalloplasty","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"They’ll roll the flap to form a shaft and attach it to your groin.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"event":"back_to_daily_activities","min":6,"max":6,"unit":"weeks","label":"6 weeks","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/21585-phalloplasty","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Many people don't resume their usual activities until at least six weeks after surgery.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}}},{"id":"metoidioplasty","name":"Metoidioplasty","how_it_works":{"text":"Existing genital tissue forms a small penis","source":{"url":"https://www.chelwest.nhs.uk/your-visit/patient-leaflets/ccgs/metoidioplasty-patient-information","host":"chelwest.nhs.uk","quote":"Metoidioplasty is a surgical procedure which creates a neo-phallus (small penis) from existing genital tissue.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"}},{"id":"vulvoplasty","name":"Vulvoplasty (without vaginal canal)","how_it_works":{"text":"Creates the outer genitals, called the vulva","source":{"url":"https://www.ohsu.edu/transgender-health/vaginoplasty-and-vulvoplasty","host":"ohsu.edu","quote":"Vulvoplasty creates a vulva — the outer genitals.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-11","next_check_at":"2027-11-11","version":1}}},"techniques":[{"id":"vaginoplasty","name":"Vaginoplasty (penile inversion or intestinal segment)","how_it_works":{"id":"H1","text":"The penis is removed and an artificial vagina is constructed","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/gender-dysphoria/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"removing the penis and construction of an artificial vagina","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"},"suits_whom":"Transgender women seeking a neovagina","price_from":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"recovery":"Several weeks of restricted activity with dilation regimen; prolonged healing."},{"id":"phalloplasty","name":"Phalloplasty (e.g., radial forearm or anterolateral thigh flap)","how_it_works":{"id":"H1","text":"A rolled skin flap forms the penile shaft","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/21585-phalloplasty","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"They’ll roll the flap to form a shaft and attach it to your groin.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"event":"back_to_daily_activities","min":6,"max":6,"unit":"weeks","label":"6 weeks","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/21585-phalloplasty","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Many people don't resume their usual activities until at least six weeks after surgery.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},"suits_whom":"Transgender men seeking a neophallus, often staged","price_from":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"recovery":"Long recovery with donor-site care; often multiple stages over months."},{"id":"metoidioplasty","name":"Metoidioplasty","how_it_works":{"id":"H1","text":"Existing genital tissue forms a small penis","source":{"url":"https://www.chelwest.nhs.uk/your-visit/patient-leaflets/ccgs/metoidioplasty-patient-information","host":"chelwest.nhs.uk","quote":"Metoidioplasty is a surgical procedure which creates a neo-phallus (small penis) from existing genital tissue.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"},"suits_whom":"Transgender men on testosterone seeking a smaller phallus from enlarged clitoris","price_from":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"recovery":"Shorter recovery than phalloplasty; several weeks of restrictions."},{"id":"vulvoplasty","name":"Vulvoplasty (without vaginal canal)","how_it_works":{"id":"H1","text":"Creates the outer genitals, called the vulva","source":{"url":"https://www.ohsu.edu/transgender-health/vaginoplasty-and-vulvoplasty","host":"ohsu.edu","quote":"Vulvoplasty creates a vulva — the outer genitals.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"},"suits_whom":"Transgender women who do not want vaginal depth","price_from":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"recovery":"Shorter recovery than vaginoplasty, with no dilation requirement."}],"alternatives":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"A1","text":"Support and advice from the clinic feel enough for you","name":"Gender clinic support and advice","source":{"url":"https://111.wales.nhs.uk/genderdysphoria/","host":"111.wales.nhs.uk","quote":"For some people, support and advice from the clinic are all they need to feel comfortable with their gender identity.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200},"operation_id":null}],"checked_at":"2026-11-11","next_check_at":"2027-11-11","version":1},"diagnostic":{"status":"not_applicable"},"country":{"why":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source","checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-02-10"},"travel":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"V1","item":"visa","audience":"uk","volatile":true,"text":"Under Thailand's visa exemption scheme, you can stay up to 30 days for tourism only","source":{"url":"https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/thailand/entry-requirements","host":"gov.uk","quote":"From 15 September 2026, if you enter Thailand under the visa exemption scheme, you can stay for up to 30 days for tourism only.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"V2","item":"visa","audience":"us","volatile":true,"text":"U.S. citizen tourists staying fewer than 60 days in Thailand need no visa, but must complete pre-arrival online registration","source":{"url":"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/Thailand.html","host":"travel.state.gov","quote":"U.S. citizen tourists entering Thailand for fewer than 60 days do not require a visa but pre-arrival online registration is required.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":403}},{"id":"V3","item":"passport_validity","audience":"uk","volatile":true,"text":"Your passport must expire at least 6 months after the date you arrive in Thailand and have at least 1 blank page","source":{"url":"https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/thailand/entry-requirements","host":"gov.uk","quote":"To enter Thailand, your passport must have an ‘expiry date’ at least 6 months after the date you arrive and have at least 1 blank page.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"V4","item":"passport_validity","audience":"us","volatile":true,"text":"U.S. travelers are strongly advised to hold a passport valid at least six months beyond the arrival date in Thailand to avoid possible denied entry","source":{"url":"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/Thailand.html","host":"travel.state.gov","quote":"We strongly recommend that your passport be valid for at least six months beyond the date of your arrival in Thailand to avoid possible denied entry.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":403}},{"id":"V5","item":"medicines","audience":"all","volatile":false,"text":"Up to a 30-day supply of medicine for personal use may be brought into Thailand with you","source":{"url":"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/Thailand.html","host":"travel.state.gov","quote":"Medicine for personal use: Up to a 30-day supply may be brought into the country with you.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":403}},{"id":"V6","item":"emergency_number","audience":"all","volatile":false,"text":"Dial 1669 for Emergency Medical Services (EMS) in Thailand","source":{"url":"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/Thailand.html","host":"travel.state.gov","quote":"For emergency services in Thailand, dial 1669 for Emergency Medical Services (EMS).","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":403}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-11","next_check_at":"2026-12-11","version":1},"other_countries_with_page":["albania","azerbaijan","brazil","china","colombia","cyprus","dominican-republic","egypt","germany","india","israel","italy","mexico","poland","portugal","republic-of-korea","spain","switzerland","turkey","ukraine","united-kingdom","united-states"]},"often_combined_with":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"reviews":{"avg_rating":4.47,"count":352,"scope":"clinic","rating_scale":5,"pros":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"cons":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"current":{"seo_text":"<p>Sex reassignment surgery in Thailand costs from _op_929_price_from_ to _op_929_price_to_. The final quote depends on transition direction, surgical technique, clinic, and included hospital or hotel stay. In the US, the procedure averages _price_compare_US_average_; Thailand offers savings of _price_percent_discount_% compared with the US. Packages commonly include anesthesia, preoperative tests, medications, follow-up, surgeon consultations, language assistance, and airport transfers. Bangkok is a main treatment destination.</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Male to female (MTF) surgery.</strong> From _op_1366_price_from_ to _op_1366_price_to_.</li>\n<li><strong>Female to male (FTM) surgery.</strong> From _op_1367_price_from_ to _op_1367_price_to_.</li>\n<li><strong>Vaginoplasty technique.</strong> Scrotal skin graft, peritoneal pull-through, and colon techniques appear in packages.</li>\n<li><strong>Accommodation and hospital stay.</strong> Package totals reflect different included hospital and hotel durations.</li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight.</strong> Compare what each package includes, not just its listed price. Wansiri Hospital’s scrotal skin graft package costs approximately $10,450, with five hospital days and 17 hotel days included. Its peritoneal pull-through package costs approximately $20,750, including ten hospital days and 11 hotel days. Asia Cosmetic Hospital’s $12,000 package includes seven hospital days and 14 hotel days. These examples show how technique and bundled stay shape the total.</p>","faq":[{"q":"Why is Thailand a popular destination for sex reassignment surgery?","a":"<p>Thailand is a premier destination for gender-affirming surgery due to world-renowned surgical expertise, clinical innovation, and significant cost savings. The country offers immediate availability for complex procedures like peritoneal pull-through or sigmoid colon vaginoplasty, performed by internationally board-certified surgeons in JCI-accredited facilities.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Surgical expertise:</strong> Surgeons like Dr. Tanongsak Panyawirunroj have performed over 15,000 procedures.</li> <li><strong>Advanced techniques:</strong> Clinics offer peritoneal pull-through, penile inversion, and laparoscopic sigmoid colon methods.</li> <li><strong>Affordable care:</strong> Average costs are _op_929_price_from_ to _op_929_price_to_, saving patients up to _price_percent_discount_%.</li> <li><strong>Comprehensive recovery:</strong> All-inclusive packages often provide 14–21 days of hotel stay with nursing care.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> While many countries have year-long waitlists, Thai hospitals like Wansiri Hospital manage 2,000+ patients annually with high efficiency. Data shows a major differentiator is the recovery infrastructure, where mid-range packages include up to 17 hotel nights and full boards. This extended stay is critical for managing early dilation schedules and monitoring for complications before you fly home.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Patients frequently highlight that the initial surgical results exceed expectations, though they warn that recovery and dilation require immense patience. Many feel highly secure thanks to attentive nursing care and the relief of reaching recovery milestones like catheter removal.</p>"},{"q":"What are the requirements to undergo SRS in Thailand?","a":"<p>Undergoing sex reassignment surgery in Thailand requires patients to be at least 20 years old, provide two psychiatric evaluations confirming gender dysphoria, and complete 12 months of hormone replacement therapy. Most clinics also mandate a body mass index between 18 and 24.5 for surgical safety.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Age consent:</strong> Patients aged 18 to 20 require legal parental or guardian authorization.</li> <li><strong>Psychiatric letters:</strong> Two certifications from licensed mental health professionals are standard at major hospitals.</li> <li><strong>Living experience:</strong> You must live in your affirmed gender for one year before surgery.</li> <li><strong>Medical clearance:</strong> Clinics require preoperative blood work, chest X-rays, and cardiologist consultations.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> Thai clinics like Asia Cosmetic Hospital often have surgeon-led waitlists of 6–12 months. Booking early is essential because surgeons like Dr. Tanongsak Panyawirunroj have performed over 15,000 procedures. Planning well in advance ensures you secure better package rates for the 21-night stays required for recovery.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Patients emphasize that while the initial surgical results often exceed expectations, the recovery process is physically demanding. Managing long periods of sitting and the transition from using a catheter requires significant patience and steady commitment.</p>"},{"q":"What techniques are used for MtF (Male-to-Female) vaginoplasty?","a":"<p>Male-to-female vaginoplasty in Thailand utilizes advanced techniques like penile inversion, peritoneal pull-through (PPV), and sigmoid colon vaginoplasty to create a functional vaginal canal. Specialized surgeons also offer non-penile inversion, known as the Thai method, utilizing scrotal tissue and tunica vaginalis for enhanced results.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Penile inversion:</strong> Standard approach using penile and scrotal skin to line the vaginal canal.</li> <li><strong>Peritoneal pull-through:</strong> Advanced method using abdominal lining for a self-lubricating, high-depth vaginal canal.</li> <li><strong>Sigmoid colon:</strong> Employs a colon segment for natural lubrication, often preferred for revision surgeries.</li> <li><strong>Thai method:</strong> Uses scrotal tissue and tunica vaginalis to improve sensitivity and aesthetic outcomes.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> Thai clinics like Wansiri Hospital and Asia Cosmetic Hospital show a clear specialization trend where surgeons like Dr. Saran Wannachamras offer peritoneal pull-through as a premium option. While penile inversion is common, the $20,000+ peritoneal packages highlight a growing demand for self-lubricating results over traditional skin-graft methods.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Many patients find the initial aesthetic results better than expected but emphasize that managing the rigorous dilation schedule and physical discomfort while sitting are the most significant recovery challenges. Reliability improves when procedures are performed by surgeons accredited by the Royal College of Surgeons Thailand.</p>"},{"q":"Do I need pre-operative hair removal for MtF SRS?","a":"<p>Pre-operative hair removal is often not strictly required by Thai surgeons because they perform intraoperative follicle scraping or cauterization during surgery. However, patients often choose electrolysis or laser treatments months in advance to further minimize the risk of internal hair growth and infections.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Surgical approach:</strong> Thai doctors frequently use intraoperative follicle scraping to remove hair during the procedure.</li> <li><strong>Method preference:</strong> Electrolysis provides permanent clearance while laser treatment is typically seen as hair reduction.</li> <li><strong>Preparation timeline:</strong> Start professional hair removal 6 to 12 months before surgery for best results.</li> <li><strong>Risk mitigation:</strong> Pre-clearing target areas reduces chances of internal hairballs or post-surgical vaginal discomfort.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> While many Thai surgeons like Dr. Tanongsak Panyawirunroj at Asia Cosmetic Hospital perform intraoperative scraping, this can miss dormant follicles. For techniques like Peritoneal Pull-Through at Wansiri Hospital, which focuses on self-lubrication, pre-op electrolysis offers an extra layer of safety. Always confirm if your specific package includes intraoperative cauterization before skipping professional pre-op removal.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Patients emphasize that while scraping is common, electrolysis manages long-term piece of mind. They recommend using lidocaine numbing gel and staying hydrated to handle the discomfort of pre-op sessions.</p>"},{"q":"How long is the recovery period, and what does it involve?","a":"<p>Recovery after sex reassignment surgery in Thailand involves a 5 to 10 day hospital stay followed by several weeks of local monitoring. Patients typically return to sedentary work within 3 to 4 weeks, though achieving full functional recovery and final tissue remodeling requires 6 to 12 months.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Hospital stay:</strong> Expect 5 to 10 days of inpatient care for initial wound monitoring.</li> <li><strong>Activity limits:</strong> Return to office work after 4 weeks and full exercise after 3 months.</li> <li><strong>Dilation schedule:</strong> Commit to vital dilation sessions 3 times daily during the first 3 months.</li> <li><strong>Travel planning:</strong> Stay in Thailand for 24 to 40 days to ensure safe flights home.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> While many focus on surgery day, the real differentiator in Thai packages is the specific post-op support. Specialized centers like Wansiri Hospital provide 14 to 21 nights of combined hospital and hotel care. This extended professional monitoring is critical because the most challenging physical adjustments occur during weeks 2 and 3 when you leave the hospital.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Many find the initial appearance better than expected despite significant swelling. While removing the catheter is a major relief, patients emphasize that managing the dilation schedule and seated discomfort requires significant mental and physical patience.</p>"},{"q":"Is it necessary to have SRS at a younger age?","a":"<p>Sex reassignment surgery is not medically necessary at a young age and is legally restricted to adults. International guidelines and Thai law require patients to be 18 to 20 years old. Most surgeons prioritize psychological maturity and informed consent over reaching a specific age milestone.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Legal age:</strong> Surgery is strictly illegal for minors under 18 in Thailand without exception.</li> <li><strong>Parental consent:</strong> Individuals between 18 and 20 years old must provide legal parental consent.</li> <li><strong>Medical readiness:</strong> Success depends more on hormone therapy preparation than on being a certain age.</li> <li><strong>Global standards:</strong> WPATH guidelines recommend waiting until 18 to ensure irreversible decisions are fully understood.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> While many younger patients feel urgency, data from top clinics like Wansiri Hospital shows that experience matters more than youth. For example, Dr. Tanongsak Panyawirunroj at Asia Cosmetic Hospital has performed over 15,000 procedures. Experienced surgeons often suggest that waiting allows for better physiological preparation, such as more effective hair removal or hormone stabilization, which improves long-term surgical aesthetics.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Many survivors of the procedure emphasize that there is no perfect timeline. They stress that while recovery is physically intense, focusing on mental readiness and finding a skilled surgeon leads to much higher satisfaction than rushing into surgery early.</p>"},{"q":"Where can I have SRS performed in Bangkok?","a":"<p>Bangkok is home to high-authority centers like Wansiri Hospital and Asia Cosmetic Hospital, offering specialized techniques such as peritoneal pull-through and laparoscopic colon vaginoplasty. Experienced surgeons like Dr. Saran Wannachamras and Dr. Tanongsak Panyawirunroj utilize JCI-accredited facilities to provide comprehensive, gender-affirming care.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Available techniques:</strong> Options include penile inversion, scrotal skin grafts, and self-lubricating peritoneal pull-through (PPV).</li> <li><strong>Specialized facilities:</strong> Clinics like Wansiri Hospital feature Clean Room standards and advanced touchless technology.</li> <li><strong>Surgeon credentials:</strong> Top doctors maintain memberships in the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS).</li> <li><strong>Recovery support:</strong> Packages typically bundle 5–10 days of hospitalization with 14+ days of hotel recovery.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> While many clinics offer low-cost scrotal skin grafts starting at _op_1366_price_from_, the most sought-after results come from PPV or colon techniques. Wansiri Hospital data shows these advanced, self-lubricating options require longer 10-day hospital stays for monitoring. This extra clinical time helps ensure long-term functionality compared to shorter 1-night stays common elsewhere.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Patients report that initial aesthetic results often exceed expectations. They emphasize that while managing dilation is physically challenging, kindness from nursing staff makes the recovery manageable.</p>"}],"h2":[{"text":"仕組みについて","kind":"content"},{"text":"タイでの性別適合手術費用について今すぐご確認ください","kind":"content"},{"text":"11月 2026のタイでの特別性別適合手術プランをお見逃しなく","kind":"content"},{"text":"タイの最高の性別適合手術クリニックをご発見ください：6件の認証済み選択肢と料金","kind":"content"},{"text":"タイでの性別適合手術：日々のタイムライン","kind":"content"},{"text":"タイでの性別適合手術医療診断をお受けください：14名の経験豊富な医師に今すぐご相談","kind":"content"},{"text":"Bookimed患者のビデオストーリー","kind":"content"},{"text":"Bookimedに関するレビュー：患者様の洞察を発見","kind":"content"},{"text":"性別適合手術: ビフォー・アフター写真","kind":"content"},{"text":"このコンテンツを共有","kind":"content"},{"text":"タイでの性別適合手術について知っておくべきすべて","kind":"content"},{"text":"あなたの解剖学的構造と深さの目標に合う膣形成術のテクニック","kind":"content"},{"text":"電気脱毛を予約する前にクリニックの脱毛プロトコルを確認する","kind":"content"},{"text":"現代の膣形成術において執刀医が感覚とオーガズムを維持する方法","kind":"content"},{"text":"結腸法における「自己潤滑」の真の意味","kind":"content"},{"text":"適格性を決定する医学的基準","kind":"content"},{"text":"滞在の計画：ホルモンの中止時期、喫煙、および23〜30日の最低滞在期間 旅の計画は、ホルモンをいつ止めるか、ニコチンをいつ止めるか、そしてどれくらい滞在するかという3つの要素で決まります。タイミングを正しく合わせることは、安全性と結果の両方を守ることにつながります。以下は、ほとんどのクリニックが従うカウントダウンです。 渡航前 4〜6週間前： 喫煙とニコチンを完全に中止してください。ニコチンは血管を収縮させ、新しい組織の治癒を妨げる可能性があります。クリーブランド・クリニックは、喫煙を膣形成術の治癒における阻害要因として挙げています。 2〜4週間前： 血栓リスクを下げるためにエストロゲンを中止します（経口剤は約2週間前、注射剤は4週間前）。内分泌専門医の助言に従い、手術の1〜4週間後に再開してください。 この手術において、2週間前から喫煙を減らすだけでは不十分です。完全な禁煙が安全な基準です。 滞在期間 クリニックは、帰国許可を出す前に約23〜30日の最低滞在期間を求めています。医療休暇は手術日ではなく、この全期間に合わせて計画してください。パッケージもこれを反映しています。ワンシリ病院での21泊のS状結腸滞在は約13,700ドルです。アジア・コスメティック病院（Asia Cosmetic Hospital）の米国専門医による14泊のパッケージは約12,400ドルです。 早期帰国が危険な理由 主要な骨盤手術後の移動制限と長時間の帰国フライトは、深部静脈血栓症（脚の血栓）のリスクを高めます。許可が出る前の飛行は、機内の気圧により腫れを悪化させます。陰茎反転膣形成術後の泌尿器および傷の治癒に関する文献は、クリニックが回復期間を強制する理由そのものです。待機することは、安全性だけでなく、結果を守ることにもつながります。この期間を利用して休暇を計画し、渡航前にフォローアップの手配をしてください。 承認レターと帰国後のケアの準備 手術そのものよりも計画を狂わせる実務的な問題が2つあります。書類の不備と、帰国後のケア体制が整っていないことです。どちらも渡航前に簡単に解決できます。WPATHのケア基準（SOC）は、保険会社が補償を判断する際の評価基準を定義しています。 保険会社が実際に求めるレター SOC 8ではクリニックの要件がメンタルヘルス専門家からの1通のレターに引き下げられましたが、多くの保険会社は依然として2通を求めるSOC 7に従っています。 土壇場での拒否を避けるため、理想的には博士号レベルの、ライセンスを持つ2名のメンタルヘルス専門家から2通の紹介状を用意してください。 クリニックの要件に関係なく、保険会社は依然として12ヶ月間のホルモン療法の証明を求める場合があります。 これらは、クリニックが設定するものと保険会社が設定するものの2つの別々の要件です。SOC 7とSOC 8のギャップは、書類による拒否の最も一般的な原因です。渡航前に、クリニックと保険会社がどの基準を適用しているかを確認してください。 渡航前に手配すべきケア メイヨークリニック・プレスが説明するように、回復期間を通じて一貫したダイレーション（拡張）ルーチンが重要です。患者は治癒中に新しい膣管を開いた状態に保つため、決められたスケジュールでダイレーターを優しく挿入します。 帰国後に骨盤底筋の理学療法士を確保してください。初期のダイレーションは不随意な筋肉の緊張を引き起こす可能性があり、セラピストがそれを緩和します。ダイレーションの困難さを予測する研究もこのステップを支持しています。 タイを出国する前に、手術記録とダイレーションのプロトコルを書面で完全に入手してください。 帰国後もケアが途切れないよう、治癒を監視してくれる臨床医を手配してください。 Bookimedの患者が最も価値を感じているのは、このエンドツーエンドの調整です。レビューアは、最初の質問からフォローアップまでの送迎、スケジュール調整、書類手続きについて、コーディネーションを5/5と評価しています。タイでの性別適合手術に関するFAQ","kind":"content"},{"text":"無料相談を受ける","kind":"content"}]},"placeholders":{"price_from":"{{price_from}}","clinics_count":"{{clinics_count}}","cities_count":"{{cities_count}}","savings_pct":"{{savings_pct}}","data_date":"{{data_date}}"},"legal":{"restricted_markets":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"conflicts":[{"field":"price.avg","chosen":"offers","offers":13324,"price_from":4400,"ratio":3.03,"threshold":2}]}