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surgeon-dependent."},"final_result_months":{"min":3,"max":6,"unit":"months","qualifier":"Time to stable voiding and healing after uncomplicated primary repair; recurrence surveillance continues longer."},"fly_home_after_days":{"min":14,"max":21,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Usually after catheter removal and satisfactory voiding or urethrogram; earlier with catheter in place if surgeon agrees."},"follow_up_visits":[{"purpose":"other","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":14,"max":21,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Catheter removal, usually after pericatheter urethrogram or voiding cystourethrogram in many centres."}},{"purpose":"wound_check","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":10,"max":21,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Wound check, often at or around catheter removal."}},{"purpose":"assessment","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":90,"max":120,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Uroflowmetry and post-void residual assessment, about 3-4 months."}},{"purpose":"result_review","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":180,"max":365,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Longer-term symptom and flow surveillance for recurrence."}}],"indications":["Symptomatic anterior urethral stricture, especially recurrent after dilation or urethrotomy","Long or dense urethral strictures unsuitable for endoscopic treatment","Posterior urethral stenosis or distraction defect after pelvic fracture trauma","Failed hypospadias repair or other urethral defects needing reconstruction"],"main_risks":["Stricture recurrence","Bleeding or hematoma","Wound infection or urinary tract infection","Urethral fistula or diverticulum","Erectile dysfunction (usually temporary)","Post-micturition dribbling, ejaculatory changes or numbness at perineum/donor site","Oral graft donor-site pain or numbness (if buccal mucosa used)","Anesthesia-related and positioning-related complications"],"pain":"Moderate postoperative pain for the first several days, controlled with oral analgesics; catheter discomfort and bladder spasms are common. Oral graft donor sites can be sore for about 1-2 weeks.","preparation":["Urethral imaging (retrograde urethrogram/voiding cystourethrogram), uroflowmetry and often cystoscopy","Urine culture and treatment of any infection beforehand","Pre-anesthesia assessment and standard blood tests","Review of medications and smoking cessation advice","Fasting as instructed by anesthesia team","Suprapubic catheter or diversion arranged if in retention"],"recovery_timeline":[{"phase":"Hospital stay (days 0-3)","description":"Catheter in place, pain control, early mobilisation, perineal or penile dressing.","restrictions":["Limited activity","Avoid straining"]},{"phase":"Catheter period (about 2-3 weeks)","description":"Home recovery with urethral catheter; imaging often performed before removal.","restrictions":["No heavy lifting","No cycling or sitting astride","Avoid sexual activity"]},{"phase":"After catheter removal (weeks 3-6)","description":"Return to normal voiding, gradual resumption of daily activity.","restrictions":["Avoid strenuous exercise","Avoid sexual activity until cleared by surgeon"]},{"phase":"Months 3-6","description":"Flow assessment and full return to activity; ongoing surveillance.","restrictions":[]}],"rehabilitation_days":{"min":14,"max":42,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Ordinary functional recovery to routine daily activities after uncomplicated single-stage anterior urethroplasty."},"result_longevity":"Many repairs remain durable long term, particularly anastomotic urethroplasty; recurrence can occur years later, so periodic flow surveillance is advised.","revision_rate_pct":{"min":8,"max":20,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Stricture recurrence needing repeat dilation, urethrotomy or repeat urethroplasty within about 5 years."},"scars":"Perineal, penile or circumcising-type incision depending on the approach, usually healing to a well-concealed scar; oral graft donor site heals inside the mouth without visible scar.","sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":1,"max":1,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"Single-stage urethroplasty; staged repairs are used for complex cases only."},"stages":[{"code":"urethroplasty_surgery","label":"Single-stage urethral reconstruction","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Performed at the initial operation."}}],"qualifier":"Typical single-stage primary anterior urethroplasty in adults."},"success":{"metric":"Stricture-free voiding without further intervention","value":85,"unit":"percent","horizon":"5 years","population":"Adults after primary single-stage anterior urethroplasty for bulbar stricture","evidence_status":"limited"},"techniques":[{"name":"Excision and primary anastomosis","suits_whom":"Short bulbar strictures (generally under 2-2.5 cm).","recovery":"Catheter about 2-3 weeks; return to desk work in 1-2 weeks."},{"name":"Buccal mucosa graft urethroplasty (dorsal, ventral or lateral onlay)","suits_whom":"Longer bulbar or penile strictures not suitable for anastomosis.","recovery":"Catheter about 2-3 weeks; temporary mouth discomfort at donor site."},{"name":"Staged urethroplasty","suits_whom":"Complex or penile strictures with poor local tissue, lichen sclerosus or failed prior repair.","recovery":"Involves two operations several months apart."}],"treatment_conditions":["inpatient"],"treatment_duration_hours":{"min":2,"max":4,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Operative time for typical single-stage anterior urethroplasty; longer with graft harvest or complex reconstruction."},"initial_assessment_documents":["Retrograde urethrogram images and report","Voiding cystourethrogram images and report","Uroflowmetry report","Cystoscopy or urethroscopy report","Prior urethral surgery or dilation records","Recent urine culture result"],"travel_trips":{"min":1,"max":1,"one_trip_possible":true,"qualifier":"Single-stage repair: stay 2-3 weeks until catheter removal, or leave earlier with home removal. Staged repairs need two trips."},"clinic_checks":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"C1","text":"Check which repair technique is planned: rejoining the urethra or widening it with a cheek graft","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://www.newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk/services/urology/urology-reconstruction-and-continence/urethroplasty-buccal-patch-or-anastomotic/","host":"newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk","quote":"The scar is either cut away and the urethra re-joined over a catheter or widened with a piece of cheek lining (buccal mucosa) over a catheter.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C2","text":"Check that you are given a discharge summary of your admission when you leave hospital","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://www.newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk/services/urology/urology-reconstruction-and-continence/urethroplasty-buccal-patch-or-anastomotic/","host":"newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk","quote":"When you leave hospital, you will be given a “draft” discharge summary of your admission.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C3","text":"Check that a urethrogram X-ray is arranged before the catheter is removed, to confirm healing","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://www.newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk/services/urology/urology-reconstruction-and-continence/urethroplasty-buccal-patch-or-anastomotic/","host":"newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk","quote":"Before the catheter is removed, an X-ray (urethrogram) will be arranged alongside the catheter in the penis, approximately 3 weeks after your operation, to ensure that the area has healed.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C4","text":"Check that outpatient follow-up is planned after catheter removal, about 12 weeks later","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://www.newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk/services/urology/urology-reconstruction-and-continence/urethroplasty-buccal-patch-or-anastomotic/","host":"newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk","quote":"After catheter removal, you will be followed up in the outpatient clinic after 12 weeks.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C5","text":"Check that the surgeon who performs the repair is a urologist","scope":"treatment_type","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/urethral-stricture","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"A urologist will remove the stricture and reconnect the healthy ends of your urethra.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C6","text":"Check that the provider gives you a recovery timeline for your specific treatment","scope":"treatment_type","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/urethral-stricture","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"A healthcare provider will give you a better idea of your recovery timeline according to their recommended treatment.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"red_flags":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"F1","text":"Consultation that does not mention the risk of a recurrent stricture needing more surgery","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://www.newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk/services/urology/urology-reconstruction-and-continence/urethroplasty-buccal-patch-or-anastomotic/","host":"newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk","quote":"You may develop a recurrent stricture requiring further surgery or other treatment – this may affect up to 20% individuals.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"F2","text":"Consultation or quote with no follow-up appointments with a provider planned after treatment","scope":"treatment_type","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/urethral-stricture","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"You’ll need follow-up appointments with a healthcare provider to ensure you’re healing properly and that scar tissue isn’t developing again.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"F3","text":"Warning sign: the consultation never mentions possible loss or change of erections after surgery","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://www.newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk/services/urology/urology-reconstruction-and-continence/urethroplasty-buccal-patch-or-anastomotic/","host":"newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk","quote":"You may experience loss of or altered erections as a result of surgery to the urethra.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"warning_signs":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"W1","text":"Increasing pain, wound discharge or swelling","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://www.newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk/services/urology/urology-reconstruction-and-continence/urethroplasty-buccal-patch-or-anastomotic/","host":"newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk","quote":"Any increasing pain, wound discharge or swelling should be reported to your GP immediately.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"W2","text":"Pain not controlled by prescribed painkillers","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://www.uclh.nhs.uk/patients-and-visitors/patient-information-pages/2nd-stage-urethroplasty","host":"uclh.nhs.uk","quote":"Pain which is not controlled by the prescribed pain killers","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":403}},{"id":"W3","text":"Fever of 38 C or higher","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":true,"source":{"url":"https://www.uclh.nhs.uk/patients-and-visitors/patient-information-pages/2nd-stage-urethroplasty","host":"uclh.nhs.uk","quote":"A fever of 100 (38 C) or higher","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":403}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"take_home":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"T1","text":"Home doctor gets a record of the admission at discharge","document":"discharge summary","source":{"url":"https://www.newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk/services/urology/urology-reconstruction-and-continence/urethroplasty-buccal-patch-or-anastomotic/","host":"newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk","quote":"When you leave hospital, you will be given a “draft” discharge summary of your admission.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"T2","text":"Home doctor needs it to see whether the repaired area has healed","document":"urethrogram x-ray report","source":{"url":"https://www.newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk/services/urology/urology-reconstruction-and-continence/urethroplasty-buccal-patch-or-anastomotic/","host":"newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk","quote":"Before the catheter is removed, an X-ray (urethrogram) will be arranged alongside the catheter in the penis, approximately 3 weeks after your operation, to ensure that the area has healed.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"T3","text":"Home doctors need the restrictions and follow-up instructions after surgery","document":"aftercare instructions","source":{"url":"https://www.uclh.nhs.uk/patients-and-visitors/patient-information-pages/2nd-stage-urethroplasty","host":"uclh.nhs.uk","quote":"To minimise complications you must not do any heavy lifting (nothing heavier than a full kettle of water) for two weeks You must not have sex for six weeks following surgery or until the wound has fully healed","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":403}},{"id":"T4","text":"It tells the home doctor when catheter removal is planned","document":"catheter-removal appointment","source":{"url":"https://www.uclh.nhs.uk/patients-and-visitors/patient-information-pages/2nd-stage-urethroplasty","host":"uclh.nhs.uk","quote":"You will receive a date for catheter removal 2-3 weeks after the surgery which will take place in clinic, or sometimes in our radiology (X-ray department) after a peri-catheter urethrogram.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":403}},{"id":"T5","text":"Ask for written details of the procedure before you leave the hospital","document":"written procedure details","source":{"url":"https://rcseng.ac.uk/patient-care/cosmetic-surgery/after-surgery/","host":"rcseng.ac.uk","quote":"After your surgery, before you leave the hospital, ask for written information about the procedure you've had.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T6","text":"Ask for copies of all prescriptions before you leave","document":"prescription copies","source":{"url":"https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/news/699/travelling-abroad-for-treatment","host":"travelhealthpro.org.uk","quote":"Remember to ask for copies of all your treatment records, including prescriptions, scans and x-rays before you leave.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"alternatives":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"A1","text":"You would rather not have open repair of the urethra","name":"Optical 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