ページ10 - トルコの最高医師 — オンライン診察を受ける

メフメット・コセ博士は、DDS、MSCの補綴歯科医として、その広範な経験と卓越したスキルで知られています。 補綴専門の歯科医師として10年以上の経験を持ち、複雑なケースでもスムーズで無痛の抜歯を行う能力で認識されています。さらに、彼は著名な科学会議での参加を通じてこの分野に貢献しています。

教育

• ガジ大学歯学部卒業
• イズミール・カチプ・チェレビ大学の補綴学科で専門訓練を修了

賞

• 『高度な矯正訓練および関節咬合訓練』の国際的に認められた訓練証明書を受け取った

プロフェッショナル活動

• TDB国際科学会議、第2回医学分野における学際的研究国際会議、および第1回国際歯科研究および健康科学会議で発表

Prof. Dr. Onur YAMAN was born in Germany in 1976. In 2001, he graduated from Ege University Faculty of Medicine. In 2009, he received his specialization in Neurosurgery from Celal Bayar University. Between 2009-2011, he worked as a Neurosurgeon at Muş State Hospital and Rize Training and Research Hospital. Between 2011-2013, he worked at Tepecik Training and Research Hospital. Between 2013-2014, he worked at Ankara Spine Center. Between 2014-2018, he worked at Koç University Hospital Spine Center and received the title of associate professor in 2015. Between 2018-2024, he worked at Memorial Hospitals Group's Spine Center and was awarded the title of professor in 2021. Between 2023-2024, he worked as an instructor at Arel University Faculty of Medicine. Since 2024, he has been working at NPISTANBUL Brain Hospital and at the same time he is an instructor at Üsküdar University Faculty of Medicine.

Prof. Dr. Onur YAMAN is the president of the Middle East Spine Society since 2022. In addition, he is active in many professional associations.

He has made numerous oral presentations at international and national congresses and has edited books and book chapters published in many international and national publishing houses.

Prof. Abuzer Dirican is a Professor of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology and Head of Department at Florence Nightingale Hospital. He graduated from Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine in 1995. He completed his general surgery training at SSK Ankara in 2000. He served at İnönü University’s Liver Transplant Institute and became a professor in 2017. He also completed a clinical and research fellowship in liver transplantation and hepatobiliary surgery.

He authored the Liver Transplantation chapter in Schwartz’s Principles of Surgery in 2016. His publications cover cholangiocarcinoma, liver transplantation, endocrine surgery, and colorectal surgery. Notable work includes a prospective randomized trial on pilonidal disease and studies on breast cancer–related lymphedema. He also co-authored analyses of 304 living-donor liver transplants and 109 hepatic vein reconstructions.

Dr. Hakan Kocaman is a pediatric surgery specialist at Memorial Göztepe Hospital (2025–present). He was Associate Professor of Pediatric Surgery at Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine (2023–2025). He was Assistant Professor at Harran University (2016–2023). He earned his MD and completed his pediatric surgery residency at Istanbul University.

He is a member of the Turkish Association of Pediatric Surgeons, the European Paediatric Surgeons’ Association (EUPSA), and the International Pediatric Endosurgery Group (IPEG). His training includes basic robotic surgery, advanced thoracoscopy, pediatric endoscopy, laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair, and hypospadias repair.

Dr. Feryal Gun Soysal is a pediatric surgery specialist. She was Professor of Pediatric Surgery from 2013 to 2024. She has practiced at Memorial Ataşehir Hospital since 2017. She worked at Memorial Bahçelievler Hospital from 2020 to 2024. At the Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine, she led the Department of Pediatric Surgery from 2022 to 2024. She also headed the Pediatric Urology Division during that time.

Her academic work includes 72 international and 31 national peer-reviewed papers. She has given nearly 500 presentations and posters and has written or translated several book chapters.

She holds certifications in endoscopy, laparoscopy, and thoracoscopy. She also has experience in robotic surgery. She is a member of EUPSA, ESPES, the Turkish Medical Association, and the Turkish Association of Pediatric Surgery.

形成外科・再建外科・美容外科

鼻の美容手術（鼻形成術）...

乳房の美容手術（縮小術・増大術・挙上術）...

脂肪除去術（脂肪吸引術）

腹壁形成術（腹部挙上術）...

眼瞼手術（眼瞼形成術）...

眉毛挙上術

顔面挙上術...

脂肪注入術

顔面外科

マイクロサージェリー

形成外科

皮膚癌

乳房美容外科

顔面先天異常

再建外科

顕微鏡下外科手術

縫合技術

美容外科

手術室における実務経験

再建的手術手技

審美的判断力

医療情報

外科的技術

2003年 エラズー理数系高校

2009年 エーゲ大学医学部 – 医学博士

2015年 バシュケント大学医学部 形成・再建・

美容外科学講座 – 形成再建外科専門医

経歴

2015年～2017年 形成・再建外科専門医、アール州立病院 形成・

再建・美容外科部門

2017年～2019年 専門医、バシュケント大学医学部 形成・

再建・美容外科学講座

2019年～2023年 准教授、バシュケント大学医学部

形成・再建・美容外科学講座

2023年～2024年10月 バシュケント大学医学部 准教授、

形成・再建・美容外科部門

2024年10月～ 形成・再建・美容外科学講座 准教授、

メディポル・アジバデム地区病院

フェローシップ

2019年7月～8月：順天堂大学 形成・再建外科学講座、

東京、日本

2022年4月～7月：ゲント大学 形成・再建外科学講座、ゲント、

ベルギー

2023年11月：アサン医療センター 形成・再建外科部門

外科、ソウル、韓国

学会会員

EURAPS 正会員

国際熱傷学会 正会員、執行委員会委員

トルコ再建マイクロサージャリー学会、執行委員会委員

トルコ形成・再建・美容外科学会

トルコ美容形成外科学会

トルコ創傷治療学会

プロフェッサー・ドクター サメット・ヤルドゥムチュ
肥満・代謝外科、消化器外科、一般外科専門医

アンタキヤで初等・中等教育を修了後、1997年にアンカラ大学医学部に入学し、医学教育を開始しました。2003年に医学部を卒業した同年、医師専門試験に合格し、ハイダルパシャ・ヌムネ研修病院にて一般外科レジデントとしてのキャリアをスタートさせました。

2008年から2009年にかけて、米国ヒューストンのMDアンダーソンがんセンターおよびメモリアル・ヘルマン病院において、がん外科および臓器移植外科のトレーニングを受けました。帰国後、2009年に一般外科医を対象とした専門医試験で首席を獲得しました。同試験合格後、2009年から2012年にかけてトルコ高度専門病院にて消化器外科（消化管外科）の専門研修を修了しました。

2012年、トルコ最年少の消化器外科専門医となり、マルマラ大学附属ペンディク研修病院に着任しました。2012年から2018年にかけて、マルマラ大学医学部の学生および一般外科レジデントを対象に多数の講義を行うとともに、患者および外科医を対象とした数多くの教育イベントにも参加しました。高度腹腔鏡下外科手術、肥満・代謝外科の分野で活躍し、臓器移植部門および炎症性腸疾患外科部門の設立にも積極的に貢献しました。2017年3月に実施された試験の結果に基づき、准教授の職位を授与されました。

Education:

• Bachelor of Science (MD): Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, 1989

Specialized Education and Experience:

• General Surgery Specialist Degree: Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, 1997
• Fellowship: Gastroenterology Surgery, Türkiye High Specialization Hospital, 2005

Academic Career:

• Associate Professor: General Surgery, Inonu University, 2011
• Professorship: General Surgery, İnönü University, 2017

エズギ・ユジェル・チェティネル博士は口腔顎顔面外科医です。歯科外科、骨再生、デンタルインプラントを専門としています。2013年にバシュケント大学歯学部を卒業し、2018年にオンドクズ・マユス大学にて口腔顎顔面外科の博士号を取得しました。

ユジェル・チェティネル博士はバフチェシェヒル大学の准教授であり、イスタンブールにあるBAU歯科クリニック・病院の院長を務めています。最新技術を用いて患者の治療にあたっています。査読付き学術誌に複数の論文を発表しており、その研究は学術出版物において頻繁に引用されています。国内外の外科学会の会員でもあります。

Education:

2015

Dokuz Eylül University, Medical Faculty, Internal Medicine and Hematology 

2010

Dokuz Eylül University, Medical Faculty, Internal Medicine 

2005

Hacettepe University, Medical Faculty,

Experience:

2024 – 

Istanbul Florence Nightingale Hospital

2017 – 2024

Bağcılar Medipol University Hospital

2017 – 2017

Fırat University

2015 - 2017

Fırat University

2014 - 2015

Mayo Clinic

Publications:

18 Articles Published in International Peer-Reviewed Journals

26 Abstracts and Books Presented at International Scientific Conferences

7 Articles Published in National Peer-Reviewed Journals

51 Abstracts Presented at National Scientific Conferences

Çağdaş Gökhun Özmerdiven

Education

Dr. Lecturer. Çağdaş Gökhun Özmerdiven, after completing his pre-undergraduate education, successfully completed his medical education at Trakya University Faculty of Medicine and received the title of Medical Doctor. He completed his specialization at Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine and became a Urology specialist.

Fields of Study and Interests

Male infertility (varicocele, in vitro fertilization, azoospermia), Prostatin laser surgery, Holmium Laser Lithotripsy (Bloodless, Incisionless Kidney Stone Surgeries)

Dr. Nesrin Tutas Gunaydin is an ophthalmology specialist at Memorial Goztepe Hospital since 2025. She previously worked at Memorial Bahcelievler Hospital from 2023 to 2025. She served as Chief Assistant at Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Kartal City Hospital from 2016 to 2023. Before that, she held the same role at Dr. Sadi Konuk Bakirkoy Training and Research Hospital in 2015–2016. She completed her ophthalmology residency at University of Health Sciences–Dr. Lutfi Kirdar in 2005–2010. She earned her MD from Istanbul University in 1998–2004.

Accreditations include a Corneal Transplantation Certificate (2011) and an Eye Bank Medical Director Certificate (2021). She has 35 journal articles and 55 national congress papers. She wrote three book chapters and contributed to two international chapters. She also translated Kanski, Vaughan & Asbury: General Ophthalmology. She is a member of the Turkish Ophthalmological Society and ESCRS. She attended TOD National Congresses from 2005 to 2022.

Neurosurgery Training: Gazi University, Department of Neurosurgery, 2011 

H index: 10, I10 Index: 12 Citations: 296

 Dr Mehmet Tonge has international and nationwide 32 publications, 12 book chapters, 92 oral and poster presentations and 41 invited lectures, mostly on Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery. 

Work & Training experience:

2004-2011: Gazi University, Department of Neurosurgery (Residency)

 2008: Zurich University Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery (Intraoperative MRI applications), Switzerland 

2008: Zurich University Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery: Microneurosurgery, white matter dissection, interventional neuroradiology courses, Switzerland 

2011 – 2012: Sinop Ataturk State Hospital, Neurosurgeon

 2012 – 2013: Cankiri State Hospital, Neurosurgeon 

2013 – 2014: Istanbul Medipol University, Department of Neurosurgery & Gamma Knife Center (Ass Prof) 

2013 – now: Maastricht University Neurosurgery & Neuroscience Department (Visiting scientist, PhDc) The Netherlands 

2014: Maastricht University, The Netherlands: Deep Brain Stimulation Fellowship 2014-2018: Istanbul Memorial Hospital Neurosurgery: Staff Neurosurgeon

 2016-2018: Istanbul Florence Nightingale Hospital (Consultant, Gamma Knife Center) 

2018-now: Istanbul Medipol University (Stereotactic & Functional Neurosurgery, Gamma Knife Center) Ass. Prof.) 

Dr Mehmet Tonge has completed 4-year cycle EANS (European Association of Neurosurgical Societies) Training courses. 

Clinical areas of interest:

 • Stereotactic & Functional Neurosurgery

 • Surgery for movement disorders

• * MR Guided Focused Ultrasound (MRgFUS)

 • Gamma Knife Radiosurgery 

• Surgery for pain & spasticity 

• Psychosurgery

Research areas of interest: 

• Deep brain stimulation

• * MR Guided Focused Ultrasound (MRgFUS)

 • Stereotactic radiosurgery 

Administrative duties:

 • Turkish Neurosurgical Society, Sterotactic & Functional Neurosurgery Section: Board member 2015- 2017 

• Turkish Neurosurgical Society, Sterotactic & Functional Neurosurgery Section: Board member (Secretary) 2017-2019

 • Turkish Skull Base Society: Board member 2016-2018

 • Turkish Skull Base Society: Supervisory board member 2018-2020

 • Deep Brain Stimulation and Movement Disorders Surgery Society: Executive Board Member, (Accountant) 2023-still 

Memberships: 

• WSSFN (World Stereotactic & Functional Neurosurgery Society) 

• ESSFN (European Stereotactic & Functional Neurosurgery Society)

 • Deep Brain Stimulation and Movement Disorders Surgery Society

 • Deep Brain Stimulation Society 

• International Stereotactic Radiosurgery Society 

• Leksell Gamma Knife Society 

• EANS (European Association of Neurosurgical Societies) 

• Turkish Neurosurgical Society

• Turkish Skull Base Society

Sample Publications: 

1. Tonge M. Technological developments in electric based DBS. Deep Brain Stimulation 2024 4(36-41) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdbs.2023.12.001 

2. Akgul E, Onan HB, Islek I, Tonge M, Durmus Y, Barburoglu M, Azizova A, Erol C, Hakyemez B, Sencer S, Aydin K, Arat A. Flow diverter stents in the treatment of recanalized intracranial aneurysms. Interv Neuroradiol. 2021 Aug;27(4):481-489. doi: 10.1177/1591019921990507. Epub 2021 Jan 28. PMID: 33509011; PMCID: PMC8580529. 

3. Mulders AEP, Temel Y, Tonge M, Schaper FLWVJ, van Kranen-Mastenbroek V,Ackermans L, Kubben P, Janssen MLF, Duits A. The association between surgical characteristics and cognitive decline following deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2021 Jan;200:106341. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.106341. Epub 2020 Nov 3. PMID: 33160716. 

4. Wetzelaer P, Vlis T, Tonge M, Ackermans L, Kubben P, Evers S, Kocabicak E, Temel Y. Management of Hardware Related Infections after DBS Surgery: A Cost Analysis. Turk Neurosurg. 2018;28(6):929- 933. doi: 10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.21511-17.1. PMID: 29465741. 

5. Bedirli N, Emmez G, Ünal Y, Tönge M, Emmez H. Effects of positive end- expiratory pressure on intracranial pressure during pneumoperitoneum and Trendelenburg position in a porcine mode. Turk J Med Sci. 2017 Nov 13;47(5):1610-1615. doi: 10.3906/sag-1609-17. PMID: 29152942. 

6. Sari R, Tonge M, Bolukbasi FH, Onoz M, Baskan O, Silav G, Elmaci I. Management of Failed Cranioplasty. Turk Neurosurg. 2017;27(2):201-207. doi: 10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.15395-15.0. PMID: 27593759. 

7. Tonge M, Kocabicak E, Ackermans L, Kuijf M, Temel Y. Final Electrode Position in Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery: A Comparison of Indirect and Direct Targeting Methods. Turk Neurosurg. 2016;26(6):900-903. doi: 10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.13739-14.1. PMID: 27337232. 

8. Tonge M, Ackermans L, Kocabicak E, van Kranen-Mastenbroek V, Kuijf M, Oosterloo M, Kubben P, Temel Y. A detailed analysis of intracerebral hemorrhages in DBS surgeries. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2015 Dec;139:183-7. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2015.10.017. Epub 2015 Oct 23. PMID: 26513430. 

9. Silav G, Bölükbaşı FH, Özek E, Tönge M, Önöz M, Elmacı İ. A Simple Technique for Bone Storage after Decompressive Craniectomy in Children. Pediatr Neurosurg. 2015;50(3):161-4. doi: 10.1159/000381748. Epub 2015 May 14. PMID: 25998533. 

10. Yilmaz MB, Donmez H, Tonge M, Senol S, Tekiner A. Vertebrojugular arteriovenous fistula and pseudoaneurysm formation due to penetrating vertebral artery injury: case report and review of the literature. Turk Neurosurg. 2015;25(1):141-5. doi: 10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.8247-13.1. PMID: 25640560. 

11. Kurt G, Tönge M, Çeltıkçı E, Çapraz I, Serdaroğlu A, Bılır E. Surgery for intractable temporal lobe epilepsy: experience of a single institution. Turk J Med Sci. 2014;44(5):866-70. doi: 10.3906/sag-1307- 30. PMID: 25539559. 

12. Yılmaz MB, Tönge M, Emmez H, Kaymaz F, Kaymaz M. Neuroprotective effects of quetiapine on neuronal apoptosis following experimental transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2013 Jul;54(1):1-7. doi: 10.3340/jkns.2013.54.1.1. Epub 2013 Jul 31. PMID: 24044072; PMCID: PMC3772279. 

13. Yilmaz MB, Egemen E, Tonge M, Kaymaz M. Transoral protrusion of a peritoneal catheter due to gastric perforation 10 years after a ventriculoperitoneal shunting: case report and review of the literature. Turk Neurosurg. 2013;23(2):285-8. doi: 10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.4904-11.1. PMID: 23546921. 

14. Omerhodzic I, Tonge M, Matos B, Musabeliu E, Raspanti C, Ferdinandov D, Galimova R, Muroi C, Balik V, Kursumovic A. Neurosurgical training programme in selected European countries: from the young neurosurgeons' point of view. Turk Neurosurg. 2012;22(3):286-93. doi: 10.5137/1019- 5149.JTN.5133-11.0. PMID: 22664994. 

15. Ergun E, Kurt G, Tonge M, Aytar H, Tas M, Baykaner K, Ceviker N. Effects of phenytoin sodium on dura mater healing in a rat model of CSF leakage. Turk Neurosurg. 2011;21(4):471-6. PMID: 22194102. 

16. Emmez H, Tonge M, Tokgoz N, Durdag E, Gonul I, Cevıker N. Radiological and histopathological comparison of microporous polysaccharide hemospheres and oxidized regenerated cellulose in the rabbit brain: a study of efficacy and safety. Turk Neurosurg. 2010 Oct;20(4):485-91. doi: 10.5137/1019- 5149.JTN.3300-10.2. PMID: 20963698. 

17. Emmez H, Yildirim Z, Kale A, Tönge M, Durdağ E, Börcek AO, Uçankuş LN, Doğulu F, Kiliç N, Baykaner MK. Anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects of α-lipoic acid on spinal cord ischemiareperfusion injury in rabbits. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2010 Sep;152(9):1591-600; discussion 1600-1. doi: 10.1007/s00701-010-0703-9. Epub 2010 Jun 10. PMID: 20535507. 

18. Kurt G, Tonge M, Börcek AO, Karahacioglu E, Gurel O, Baykaner K, Ceviker N, Aykol S. Fractionated gamma knife radiosurgery for optic nerve tumors: a technical report. Turk Neurosurg. 2010 Apr;20(2):241-6. doi: 10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.1681-09.3. PMID: 20401852. 

19. Emmez H, Kale A, Tönge M, Cakir A, Ceviker N. Two meningiomas with different histological grades in the same patient. Case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2010;50(8):686-8. doi: 10.2176/nmc.50.686. PMID: 20805656.

学歴および学術称号

• ハジェッテペ大学医学部 – 医学学位、1992年
• バシュケント大学医学部 – 一般外科レジデント研修、1995年
• アンカラ・ヌムネ教育研究病院 – 一般外科レジデント研修、2000年
• ガジアンテップ大学医学部 – 一般外科准教授、2007年
• 大学間評議会 – 准教授資格、2018年
• イスタンブール・アイドゥン大学 – 教授職、2023年
• 第二学士号：アナドル大学 – 行政学、2008年
• 修士号：アクデニズ大学 – 医事法学、2023年

Dr. Ali Sinanoglu is the Chief Dentist. He is known for his skill in all areas of dental care. He has completed over 100,000 oral examinations. He has performed more than 400 implant procedures and over 14,000 aesthetic dental treatments. He has also completed more than 1,500 bleaching cases.

Dr. Sinanoglu graduated from Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry. He holds certificates in anterior aesthetic restorations, the All-on-4 implant concept, and advanced aesthetic dentistry. His work shows his dedication to high standards and new methods in dental care.

教授　Dr. Hüsnü ERKMEN は30年以上の経験を持つ著名な精神科医で、心的外傷後ストレス障害、摂食障害、双極性障害、うつ病、統合失調症、社交不安障害、性的機能不全、潔癖症、強迫性障害、几帳面さに関する病気、宗教的強迫観念の治療を専門としています。

• 30年以上の経験
• 国際的および国内の医学雑誌への掲載
• 多数の医学専門誌の諮問委員会の積極的なメンバー
• トルコ精神医学協会、トルコ神経精神医学グループ心理療法協会、生物精神医学協会、およびアメリカ精神医学会の会員。
• アンカラ大学医学部を卒業。

Yasin KULAKSIZ, M.D.

Otorhinolaryngology

Areas of Expertise and Interest

• Rhinoplasty (cosmetic nasal surgery)
• Functional nasal surgery (septoplasty, turbinate reduction)
• Revision rhinoplasty
• Sinusitis and endoscopic sinus surgery
• Ear surgeries (tympanoplasty, cholesteatoma)
• Throat and vocal cord surgeries
• Snoring and obstructive sleep apnea treatments
• Endoscopic adenoid and tonsil surgeries

Education and Career

• Abant İzzet Baysal University Faculty of Medicine 2010–2016
• Bezmialem Vakıf University ENT Residency 2017–2022
• Bezmialem Vakıf University Hospital 2017–2022
• Compulsory State Service (Ministry of Health)
• Istanbul Medipol University – Medipol Acıbadem Regional Hospital 2023–present

Certificates and Memberships

• Turkish Society of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery
• European Rhinologic Society
• Istanbul Medical Chamber
• ENT Specialist Certification – Ministry of Health
• Rhinoplasty and sinus surgery workshops
• Temporal bone dissection courses
• Certified Botox and dermal filler training in medical aesthetics

Scientific Publications and Academic Contributions

International articles
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 2024
The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2022
Case Reports in Otolaryngology 2020
Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 2019
Saudi Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 2023

National articles and congress presentations
KBB-Forum Journal
Turkish ENT National Congress presentations

Book chapter

"Practical Approaches in Medical Aesthetics" – EMA Medical Publishing 2024

Education and Specialization:

• Medical Degree: Graduated from a reputable medical school.
• Specialization in Orthopedics and Traumatology: Completed his residency with a focus on advanced orthopedic procedures and trauma care.

Professional Experience:

• Current Position: Orthopedics and Traumatology Specialist at VM Medical Park Pendik Hospital, Istanbul.
• Extensive Experience: Dr. Tuna has significant experience in treating a wide range of orthopedic conditions and performing complex surgical procedures.

Areas of Expertise:

• Arthroscopic Surgery
• Joint Dislocations and Instability
• Ligament Injuries (ACL tears, etc.)
• Ankle and Shoulder Injuries
• Osteoarthritis and Joint Pain
• Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques
• Trauma and Fracture Management

Research and Publications: Dr. Tuna has contributed to numerous publications in the field of orthopedics, particularly focusing on innovative surgical techniques and patient outcomes.

Professional Memberships:

• Member of the Turkish Orthopedic and Traumatology Association
• Active participant in various orthopedic conferences and workshops to stay updated with the latest advancements in the field.

Patient Testimonials: Patients frequently commend Dr. Tuna for his expertise, compassionate care, and clear communication. Many patients have reported successful recoveries and high satisfaction with his treatment plans and surgical outcomes​